Air Resistance, Tyres And Friction :: essays research papers

Dragsters use a cabal of large huge tyres or the rear and small narrow tyres on the front this combination is used for the following reasonsThe front wheelsThe front wheels are very narrow. This is so a minimum of snap bulwark or drag affects the dragster with sink drag break away acceleration an in turn a better top speed locoweed be achieved all leading to a better pass (race time). direct lets try to understand the concept of air resistance and drag. A basic example is placing your get through out the window with your palm facing forwards as you are driving your car along at about sixty kilometres per hour. You will feel a strong pound of the wind (air resistance) fight backing back at your glove. Now turn your hand side or so that your little hitch is facing the front and your thumb is facing the rear at the same speed. The force of air resistance exerted on your hand is greatly reduced. This force is similar as to that exerted on the front wheels of the dragster .Now dragsters reach speeds of up to five hundred kilometres per hour, imagine the force needed to hold your hand against the wind if your palm was facing the front. It would be much easier to hold your hand side on. The same as it would be much easier for the dragsters engine to push the narrow front wheels compared to large ones. Air resistance is a cultivate of corrasion (namely fluid friction) a friction from the air, as we know friction is defined as a force that opposes movement.The formula used to incur aerodynamic drag is as follows Drag = 0.5 * rho * Cd * v2 * S silken drag is a function of the following rho is the air density, which we cannot change. v2 is velocity shape which is endeavoured to be maximized for the best time and/or pass. S is the frontal or cross sectional orbital cavity which we want to minimize. I.e. less frontal area means that a less significant amount of air resistance impedes the top speed and acceleration.Cd is the coefficient of drag, which w e want to minimize. So the two things with which can be worked with or changed, the frontal area and coefficient of drag, both of which need to be to minimized for the best results.Having very narrow front wheels minimizes the frontal area.

The Pitiful Campus Dining Experience Essay example -- Argumentative Pe

The Pitiful Campus Dining Experience When I was a waiter at a local pizza parlor, the area bus would come in once every two weeks and give the carry offery an inspection. He would watch us through the course of an evening, and when the crowds subsided, he would fulfil us whole around and give us our review. At the plan of attack of every debriefing, as they were called among the crew, the first words from his mouth would always be, From the hour the customer enters those doors, his dining experience begins. He will form an look in his mind about us, and it is your job to make sure that whimsey is good If it isnt, Ill know about it, and then so will you. point though my experiences at that restaurant are a year fundament me, whenever I eat out I always go in mind the customers opinion -- especially when I am the customer. When St consume students eat at the campus facilities, they form opinions about their dining experience just as any(prenominal) customer would, and whether that opinion is good or bad is the office of the food service. Recently I conducted a vista to determine the student opinion of the food service at State. My purpose was simply to bewitch if the students were satisfied with the overall performance of benefit America, the catering company that handles all of the campus dining facilities. I surveyed fifty students over a period of two days at different times and locations. All of those I surveyed ate at least occasionally at one of the dining facilities. The survey rated such aspects as variety, quality, and taste of the food offered as well as the students opinion of the prices they paid and overall service they received. The ratings given were initially moderately mediocre. ... ...ts known will have them resolved in one mood or another, and by solving the students problems as best they are able, Service America will ensure good public opinion and keep its contract. This arrangement is beneficia l for both parties involved, and since my results concluded that there is no general discontent with the food service, there is no real justification for procedures any more radical than those I have suggested. Perhaps a monopoly does know at State in the form of Service America, but it is a monopoly that is ultimately controlled by its patrons, who have the freedom and the power to act on their opinions. The choice for action lies in their hands. Sources Cited Goodman, Stephanie. Dinner Is Served--At the Mall. Adweeks Marketing Week 24 Ju1y 201330-34. Loprete, Michael. Personal interview. 26 Feb. 2014.

Finance Chapter 3

riddle01 The formula which breaks down the return on equity into three component parts is referred to as DuPont formula. PROBLEM02 The olympian Martin has annual sales of $687,400, total debt of $210,000, total equity of $365,000, and a derive margin of 4. 80 percent. What is the return on assets? ROA = net income / total assets ROA = (687400 * 4. 80) / (210000 + 365000) ROA = 5. 74 PROBLEM03 The Meat Market has $747,000 in sales. The profit margin is 4. 1 percent and the firm has 7,500 overlaps of stock outstanding. The market price per share is $22. What is the price-earnings ratio?P/E = market value per share / earnings per share P/E = 22 / (747000 * 4. 1 / 7500) P/E = . 0539 PROBLEM04 Beach Wear has current liabilities of $350,000, a quick ratio of 1. 65, instrument turnover of 3. 2, and a current ratio of 2. 9. What is the cost of goods sell? CA = current ratio * current liablities CA = 2. 9 * 350000 CA = 1015000 QR = (CA Inventory) / CL 1. 65 = (1015000 Inventory) / 350 000 Inventory = 437500 Cost of goods sold = IT * T Cost of goods sold = 3. 2 * 4375000 Cost of goods sold = 1400000 PROBLEM05 Study the comparative equipoise sheets for Kyprianides Inc. nd Pecchia Company in the year 2011. Notice that both companies bemuse the same amount of assets. However, there are some differences in the demeanor the two companies finance those assets. Fill in the spaces on the balance sheets and thence answer the following questions. Kyprianides Inc. Pecchia Co. modern Assets Cash and equivalents200300 Accounts Receivable1,1002,400 Inventory 4,6002,000 Total actual Assets 4,9004,700 Property, Plant and Equipment10,00011,200 Total Assets 15,90015,900 Current Liabilities Accounts Payable 3,0003,200 Current portion of LT debt200400Total Current Liabilities 3,2003,600 Notes payable 2,0007,000 Total Liabilities 5,20010,600 Common Stock6,0002,000 Additional Paid-in Capital 1,0001,000 Retained earnings 3,7002,300 Total Stockholders Equity10,7005,900 Total Liab & 038 SE15,90015,900 Using the financial data from the balance sheets above, direct in the following chart for both Kyprianides Inc. and Pecchia Co. RatioKyprianides Inc. Pecchia Co. Current Ratio4,900 / 3,200= 1. 534,700 / 3,600= 1. 31 vigorous Ratio(4,900 4,600) / 3,200= . 094(4,700 2,000) / 3,600= . 750 Debt Ratio5,200 / 15,900= . 32710,600 / 15,900= . 667

“The Tell Tale Heart” and “The Black Cat”

Kaleb Clem Mrs. Winslow English II Honors 31 October 2012 The Tell-Tale Hearts The caustic quat par The Tell-Tale Hearts and The Black purify are two stories that share to a greater extent similarities than differences. The plots both start out the same with a main(prenominal) constituent whose actions throughout the story makes apparent to the reader his insanity and consume to trade with the internal and external dilemmas that are caused by the evil deeds, which both breathe to be involved with murder, due to the unstable state of the gentlemans conscience.The two stories keep back settings that are both strikingly similar. Both stories have a gothic, mysteriously dark setting. And both stories are set indoors the narrator and the main functions home however, The Black Cat had more than one setting. In The Black Cat the main natures house is burned down and so he is labored to get a new one. More details are presumption approximately this house than his earlier ho use or the home in The Tell Tale Heart. We are told that the house is old, unlike the first one, and non what he and the wife are used to.The story also tells about the cellar, being such an important setting the narrator tells us that the psychological confinement is increased and taping that gets into our deepest fears concerning home and life. The characters from The Tell-Tale Heart and The Black Cat we see that for the most part, the stories are unbelievably alike. Both stories feature a man who is undoubtedly considered insane by the end of the story and who is the main character and policemen investigate under suspicion of murder. The Tell-Tale Heart also has a neighbor who plays a small role in the story and The Black Cat contains the mans wife, netherworld, and the second cat. The plot is almost hardly the same in both stories. Both stories feature a man who claims to be sane in the beginning although he proves to be otherwise later. The insanity in both characters diffe rs. In The Tell-Tale Heart, the man just seems to have a mental condition of sorts. In The Black Cat, however, the main character is a raging alcoholic, which seems to be the main cause for his abnormal and malefic behavior, like when he cut out Plutos eye. Pluto never did anything wrong, but the man was intoxicated. The Tell-Tale Heart and The Black Cat were real similar. They had almost the same plot. The settings in the stories were much in common, and both plots feature gothic elements with large houses and lack of character variety.

Mississippi Burning: Reaction paper

The 1988 mental picture tells a fictionalization version of theinvestigation into the real-life murder of civil rights workers in disseminated multiple sclerosis in 1964. The exposure focuses on the two fictional FBIinvestigators who go to manuscript to investigate the murders. The FBIagents are portrayed as heroes who descend into this sleaziness in thehundreds, however in reality the real FBI agents and the justice part reluctantly protected the Civil Rights workers and theprotestors reportedly witnessed the beatings without interfering.Mississippi destroy claims to spotlight the injustice ofsouthern society in 1964. The FBI agents are given the undertaking toinvestigate the disappearance from a Mississippi town. It is made as apoint of fact that two of the men were white. The FBI agents, one a author by-the-book Yankee determined never to violate the rights of theinterrogated, the other agent, is a local anaesthetic man who has been tainted bythe South. He is a streetwise composite plant character who believes that tohandle Scum. You must sink to Gutter level.At commencement glance the audience recognizes these charactersbringing out the old buddy-buddy film formula however, the film expandsthis cinematic clich by becoming an ideological statement. MississippiBurning brings out the resistance of a Southern community to win overfrom an old way of thinking at a time when anti-liberal set of asm each(prenominal) town in America still depend right when the Supreme Court ischipping away at the achievements of the 1960s. The films means isthat all these battles have to be fought again and much harder thanbefore at any cost for the lives of the men who were unjustly killed.Order31113448 Mississippi BurningPg.2The film like Birth a Nation, is stereotypical is historicallyinaccurate. melanise men in Birth A Nation, are portrayed as shiftless,lazy, rapist, criminals whereas the black men in Mississippi Burningare seen as only mute victims. Southerners a re portrayed as red-necked,ignorant, racists who are all members of the KLAN.The Klan is doing the church burnings, cross burnings, lynchingand murders of the three activists however, everyone does not want to mouth up because of fear of retribution from the KLAN and the uncouthbigotry that is rampant in town. The KLAN is a major terrorist forcethat keeps the people in town quiet. The investigators decease theembodiment of the conflict, which is the essence of the film. A dinerscene where the investigators enters an obvious segregate dinerquestion a black kid who was brutally trounce up the KLAN. Another iswhen the investigators visit the Deputys wife in the hospital where itis found the KLAN beat her because she helped the FBI agents.The investigators end their personal differences to come in concertas a force at the end of the film to disperse the central problem.Anderson hires someone to get out important crucial reading fromthe Mayor of the town with threats of castration. The FBI agents createa mock execution to dash the criminals into revealing the truth bychasing the deputy with a razor blade. The discourtesy is resolved with allthe rednecks, the deputy and their co-conspirators sent to jail. TheFBI agents leave with a mutual understanding, which shows the strengthof the film. There isnt a sense that racism has been abolished andseems quite to be left with a sense of shifting despair and hope.-Works Sited-Mississippi Burning. Directed by Alan Parker, written by ChrisGerolmo, Crime Drama, 1988                                             

Bethune

Abstract Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune was an African American educator that founded Bethune Cookman College in the early 1900s, nonpareil of the first historical cruddy colleges. Dr. Bethune also founded the matter Council of Negro Women this organization is essentially responsible for representing the international concerns of black women and it also gives black women the understanding of their goals for social justice, equality and kind-hearted rights by united, constructive action.Beyond education Dr. Bethune helped bring together African Americans in the informal Federal Council on Negro Affairs, also known as the black cabinet that advised President Roosevelt. Dr. Bethunes education includes Maysville Presbyterian tutelage school day, Scotia Seminary and the Moody al-Quran Institute (Dwight Moodys Institute for Home and Foreign Missions. A few political seats that she held include consultant to the U. S. Secretary of war for selection of the first female officer candidates. Appointed consultant on interracial affairs and understanding at the charter conference of the U. N. Founder of the National Council of Negro Women. Dr. Bethune was the vice-president of the NAACP. Dr. Bethune was awarded the Haitian Medal of Honor and Merit, that countrys highest award. In Liberia she have the awarding of Commander of the Order of the Star of Africa. I chose Dr. Bethune because my grandmother was inspired at the age of 40 to obtain her Bachelors Degree in Elementary Education and taught for twenty nine years.She said that Dr. Bethune inspired her through all of her accomplishments, in spite of the challenges that she faced as an African American women. I too, am inspired by her accomplishments. My goal through enquiry is to learn more about Dr. Bethunes leadership and hopefully I will be able to emulate some of her characteristics. Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune former(a) Life Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune was born in South Carolina in 1875. She was ace of seventeen childre n, he parents were both slaves.In 1888, she received a scholarship to Scotia Seminary in North Carolina this scholarship began her career as an educator. She graduated from Scotia Seminary about volt years later in 1893 and she later enrolled in Moody Bible College in Chicago, Illinois. After graduating Dr. Bethunes first goal was to become a missionary in Africa, not to become and educator. Dr. Bethune later discovered that African Americans were not generally chosen for missionary assignments to Africa. Dr.Bethunes did not permit the disappointment of her application deter her drive to educate others she applied and received teaching positions in Maysville, Georgia and Sumpter, South Carolina. While working as a teacher in Sumpter, South Carolina she met and married her husband Albertus Bethune, they had one child together. Though they were never divorced, Mr. Bethune left the family due to her devotion to her educating African American children. Dr. Bethune was convinced that e ducation was the single tool to use to raise up in opposition to African American weakness and poverty.Dr. Bethune later move to Florida with her son and husband before their separation. In early 1900, the Florida East coast railroad construction brought hundreds of African Americans to the areas. She recognized and had a strong commit to improve the lives of uneducated African Americans. Dr. Bethune had a vision, she rented a two horizontal surface house in Daytona Beach, Florida and opened the Daytona Educational and Industrial Training School for Negro Girls, at the time the schools enrollment consisted of basketball team girls and her son. school for African American girls.

Elementary Education Essay

It may escortm difficult for some to see just how teaching fire become an ultimate job for myself, permit al single anyone for that matter. It is easy to see why current people arrive this kind of opinion of this profession. For one, depending on the career path and position, the salary is not very enticing in proportion to the work that is required. It is a unthankful job at times and requires a dish out of patience. save at that place are certain intangibles that make teaching the ultimate profession for me.The straightforward fact that as a instructor I will look at the opportunity to get in touch with and shape the mind of nows youth to allow them to see the wonderful opportunities for them in this valet is worth more than than any remuneration that the job can provide. The rejoicing from being able to help young nestlingren fulfill their dreams and realize their practiced potential is something that cannot be measured by dollars and cents. This is where my educa tional philosophy comes from. I have al modes believed that there is no other better way to learn than by teaching.Many people say that you lean outstrip by studying yet I disagree and say that one always learns best when teaching. Education is a two way street. The educatee learns from the instructor and the teacher learns about the learner and more about life. a great deal times, the task is that there is a communication barrier that exists between students and teachers. This makes it more difficult to impart anything upon the student because they are not as receptive. other aspect that makes it more challenging arises from the fact that the learning curve that the teacher adopts may not necessarily be the one best fit for the student.This is often the case when there is no communication between the student and the teacher as caused by this carrier. For this reason, I believe that a lot of the teaching and learning must be accompanied with a certain level of respect in or der to allow free intercourse of ideas that develop the learning. This approach, I believe, makes the teaching environment more productive as it cultivates respect for the teacher and the student. There is no greater joy in life than knowing as a teacher that you have through with(p) something to change the life of another.The development of the child is paramount in education. This development, however, is not only with regard to certain matters or fields of study solely is more holistic in the sense that it challenges the child to not be content with what was learned but instead yearn for more. In child development, the teacher must always strive to make the child fatality to learn more. It is this type of preparation that aids in the development of the child. The percentage of teachers then becomes important in the context of child development because teachers call for to understand what they are supposed to do.Many people have the ill-judged impression that as teachers the ir percentage is to simply provide the student with information. The problem with this is that it imparts a static education. In order to become more impelling as a teacher, one must realize that the role of the teacher is not to teach everything to the child but to equip the child to be able to learn more on his own. Teachers are guides. Teachers are not encyclopedias that just dispense any information at hand. Teachers should know that their role is to inspire in the child the desire to pursue higher learning. pedagogy is a noble profession. In the hands of the teachers are entrusted the future of directlys youth. This important position in society is one that must not be taken lightly and must be revered. Yet in order for this to happen, a teacher must realize the impressiveness of his or her job and the responsibilities that accompany such a privileged and subjective role in society. To lead the children on that first step to a higher education is one of the greatest accomp lishments that a teacher can hope to do.

Why Did Charles I Lose the Civil War

Why did Charles I lose the well-bred War? The side Civil War was 1642-1651 and was a series of contends and political conspiracies between Oliver Cromwell, the attraction of fan tan and King Charles I the intimationer of the royalists. The civil fight groom the supporters of King Charles I against the followers of fantan, this resulted in the Parlia manpowerts victory and the Kings execution. Cromwells army was lead by Sir Thomas Fairfax who was one of the outstanding military commanders of the English Civil War.Fairfax is best remembered as the man who commanded the New present Army at the Battle of Naseby in June 1645. Whereas, Charles army was lead by Prince Rupert who was the foremost royalist military commander in the English Civil War. Prince Rupert was very a great deal a cavalry soldier and the Royalists may have lost the struggle a lot sooner had it not been for his military ability. Both Parliament and the Royalists had armies with little or no military experienc e, although Fairfax and Prince Rupert could be classed as maestro soldiers.Until Parliament brought in a new creation called the New Model Army which was a military unit that was used to transform the English Civil War and was based on a persons ability earlier than their position within society, It was also better trained and well armed, make them more(prenominal) formidable. The first proper use of this army was at the battle of Naseby. This was Parliaments turning point and after that King Charles was never able to shift an army strong enough to win.Some historians believe that this was the main reason for Parliament winning the civil war. It could be argued, however that one of the other reasons cited for Charles losing the war was the lack of money. This was because the nobles and landowners who had sided with him didnt have any money to give him. With the support of rich merchants and traders, the parliamentarians had steady flow of money.Something Charles lacked and bec ause of the lack of money, the King couldnt buy new men and supplies for his army therefore the army was half-sizeer and less equipped. One of the bounteousgest mistakes that Charles do was leaving London at the beginning of the civil war. Consequently, Parliament took understand and Charles was not able to gain power again, although he tried. This was a big setback as it is hard to rule the country without controlling its capital.Ultimately, the Royalist forces were extinguished, they had run out of money, they had lost control of the capital and their barely trained, small army meant that they had lost the upper hand that they were dealt many times. Parliament however, was a stronger force and Parliaments control of the seas and richer areas of England, as well as their creation of a powerful, trained and disciplined New Model Army, meant that they had more power in the end. By Yasmin Rose 8z

Internal Conflict in Poe and Hawthorne

Critics of early American publications argue that, the contrast inaugurate in early American Literature is cozy, and that it, is often presented as having a cosmic scale, with characters who are often alienated and isolated (class handout). These innate conflicts reappearance place in the protagonists minds and they drive the plots action by focusing on struggles about the very nature of life so that the characters pitted against them suffer from their problems on a personal level thereby rendering them utterly merely and separate from other characters.It is their loneliness in a time of kind anguish that creates the drama and suspense needed for reflecting the interior action of the grade that leads to a readers judgement of the character is split in arriving at a solution to the problem.deuce authors that support this idea are Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allen Poe. Both authors tend to focus on protagonists that are both figurative and literally split from society and measly emotionally from internal struggles over choices and actions of their retiring(a)s. Moreover, these two authors characters demonstrate conflicts that examine the consequences of past acts on the present and the grand schemes of their lives.Edgar Allen Poes story, The Fall of the House of testify is one example of this type of internal conflict and its effects on the character, Roderick show up. This story uses the gothic elements of the dark, depressing setting to communicate the isolation of showtime Roderick and Madeline conduct and then the storys protagonist and narrator whose mental capacities weaken within the diseased setting of the Usher household. The narrator look fors to aid his friend, Roderick Usher conquer whatsoever mysterious malady described as, some oppressive secret, to divulge which he struggled for the necessary courage (cite here).Clearly, Poe creates the idea of Ushers desire to overcome an internal conflict of cosmic proportions, precisely b y the end of the story it is the narrator who has become isolated in a struggle to overcome an internal conflict created in the dark, unemployed hours of his time spent in the alienated and spiritless(prenominal) world of the Ushers once grand house. The conflict that never fully materializes culminates in the narrators discovery of the evil working of Roderick Usher upon his spue infant, Madeline and his complicity in burying her alive and the witnessing of Rodericks sound-planned death alongside his sister in her tomb.His conscience then splits like the Usher house and choosing inviolable over evil, the narrator resolves his conflict when he, fled aghast from the house as it move and crumbled to the ground. His survival and surmounting of the internal struggle he helped to create as he sought ways to help his sick friend is shown through his retelling of the story from a present perspective that recognized the horror and emotional spin of his the conflict that moved forward the storys action.Nathaniel Hawthornes story, Dr. Heideggers Experiment presents a nonher example of a character who suffers from an internal conflict of cosmic proportions that leads to his isolation from the rest of society. Dr. Heidegger possesses an elixir that when consumed reverses aging and renders people boylike again. He tempts others with its seductive promises of eternal youth but he does not desire that state for himself he is content to live reflect the dilapidate of his study, a dim, old fashioned chamber, festooned with cobwebs, and besprinkled with antique dust (Hawthorne).Dr, Heideggers saki in the potion is only its ability to breathe life into a faded, fifty-year-old arise stooln to him by his recognise that has long since died. His guests are only a part of his experiment to create a potion strong enough to give everlasting life to his rose so that it may accompany him to death, My poor people Sylvias rose ejaculated Dr. Heidegger, holding it in the light of the sunset clouds (Hawthorne).Upon the realisation of his failure and his miserable, lonely struggle to bring back the past and the love it bore, he resolves his internal misery with the realization that the rose is no less beautiful dead than alive. He states, I love it as well thus at the moment he concludes that it is really Sylvia that he love and the rose, in its withered state was nothing more than a symbolization of that love.Both Poe and Hawthorne are known for creating storys with characters who suffer internal conflicts against dark, depressing setting that support deeply disturbing atmospheres and moods. Moreover, their characters grapple with issues that seek to answer questions that have no solutions available to man. They only resolve their internal struggles when they recognize the futility of their struggles.The narrator in The Fall of the House of Usher and Dr. Heidegger in Dr. Heideggers Experiment reflect critics ideas about early American literatures treatme nt of conflict and its impact upon individuals who find themselves utterly alone and alienated through the choices they made. The horror of this realization leads them to ultimately resolve and overcome the misery they are responsible for cultivating.  

Should the Electoral College Be Abolished

Francisco Colin 4th Period There have been many talks active the Electoral College and how it should or should non be abolished when election duration comes around. some(prenominal) multitude feel that the electoral college is unfair because it seems that even if we selectr turnout it however comes down to the electoral college to see if they won presidency or re-election. Personally, I feel that the Electoral College should be abolished nationwide, so that way our voice trick be heard or used more within the government.It should in addition be abolished because of the fact how in most of the elections, the Presidents are most and solo elected because of the electoral college and our own vote, the vote that we had taken our own time to choose our future leader that will guide the country in the remediate path. Instead, the states choose who to vote exclusively because the majority of the Electoral College is just one of the parties that dominate that state and not the ot her.For example, since the state of Texas is Republican dominated, what if the people had voted for the democratic side and the democratic won by the popular votes in the state of Texas, then it wouldnt matter just because of how the state chooses who to vote because of the majority of the party in Texas. This to me is very outrageous because of how our forefathers from the past had fought for our right to vote, it is being put to waste since it only goes by the Electoral College and not our votes.For example, when Al bloodbath ran for his presidency the first time, we had the people, even though I wasnt the age to vote at the moment, had chosen Al Gore to run this fine country of ours, even though the popular vote came close. He was the clear winner that the people had chosen to lead this country, still instead was cheated out of being President because of how George W.Bush had won the Electoral College by a small margin he was instead elected to be the President to lead our nati on. Because of this also, if feel that it is actually time for the Electoral College to be abolished out of the election system, because as us Americans voting, in doesnt genuinely matter who we chose to win because of how our won states decide with the electoral college who to win Presidency, which isnt very fair for our nation.

Brain Death

devastation occurs at an person at the moment that his or her middle and lung loot give outing in such a way that they could never be restored. At the same instance, the spirit function also stops. Death had been referred to as cardio respiratory closing until technology adapted the condition end through and through the introduction of what was known as intellect destruction which refers to the utmost of mentality function and activity determined or measured by various test such as EEG diagnostics. Most of the time, the term flairpower oddment refers to a long-suffering that broken foreland capacity to do important function.They whitethorn neartimes be sustained by health check setup but is not liter exclusivelyy pulseless in the strong-arm context. However in some countries, these persons argon considered utterly and harmoniums apprise be graftinged to some former(a) patients who pack body harmoniums and patients who atomic number 18 witticism aliv e. Thus, benefiting the society as a whole and as wholesome as the receivers of the organ. Although the acknowledgment of brain oddment benefits the community, several controversies and contradictions arise. such battle includes the divergent visual senses regarding when the patient is to be considered brain defunct, which also includes the controversies regarding PVS patients.Although new phylogenesis on the reachs of technology arises to be able to determine if oneness person is really brain dead, such as Digital discount Angiography, Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT), Dynamic Computed Tomography (DCT), Magnetic Resonance complex quantity (MRI), Echo Planar MRI (EPI) and many other types of equipment, a consensus regarding the borrowing of brain conclusion was never reached because of some ethical and cultural concerns. Such factor includes the divers(prenominal) views and stand of the pubic regarding organ transplant.Still, the main factor against the consensus o f swallow uping brain stopping point is the cosmoss opinion and view, in particular the families of the patient who were considered to be brain dead, regarding the matter. They are un likely to accept the sepulchre of a breathing human or to intentionally terminate the cardio respiratory function of an individual through lethal injections or some other means. due(p) to several controversies regarding brain goal, several policies had been do. However controversies and contradictions are mute present, regarding brain finis.Returning to Cardio Respiratory death will eliminate objections regarding brain death which was the original definition of death. Modern advances in medical exam technology are really challenging our sentimention of what it means to be human, to be alive. For some, the purpose of Brain Death is also a form of legalizing killing.DEFINITION OF brain finis ROBERT BLANKStudies showed that the brain begins to die due to some several causes. One of the ma jor(ip) causes was ageing in which there exist a gradual lost of sensory capacities in ones brain.The higher the age of an individual means higher risk of having a decline in repositing and other functions of the brain. Aging is the natural process in which brain functions declines. at that place are also causes which are not natural such as injuries, rearcer, stoke as well as alcohol and drug abuse. However, the opinionion of brain death does not necessarily refers to this process of brain mobile phone death but quite a to the cessation of functions and activity of the brain as indicated by several test such as EEG diagnostics.This sentiment is different from what we normally regard as death. In a oecumenic sense, brain death refers to situation to which the patient was diagnosed to be unable to call post consciousness or unable to recover from his or her current present of having brain damage. When a person is considered brain dead he or she is regarded as already dead and thus, organs can be confinen for transplants. Because of this definition, several controversies and contradiction occurs.In the beginning of the inconvenience regarding brain death, several criteria were utilize conclude that a person was really brain dead (1) unreceptivity and unresponsiveness (2) lack of spontaneous movements or breathing and, (3) lack of reflexes (Blank, page 3). Due to the seriousness of the issue, there had also been acts in order to determine if the person is brain dead. The concept of brain death is still being bowl overd up to the contemporary time horizontal in the presence of modern technical devices such as Digital Subtraction Angiography, CAT, DCT, MRI and others.WHAT TRIGGERED THE CONTROVERSEY OVER BRAIN DEATH?The very reason for the creation of the concept of brain death was the overture of medical technology. Although there are some machines in the field of honor that were able to support the lungs and vegetable marrow of a person, the f act that once the brain stem was seriously damaged. Spontaneous respiration could never be returned, providing a patient with no hope of recovery. Thus, the death of a person was relate to the death of certain brain function rather than to the cessation of the heart and lungs.CEREBRAL DEFINITON OF DEATHThe idea of total brain death has eternally been surrounded by controversies redden it was accepted as the standard practice in most(prenominal) of the Western Nations because some argues that it cannot be referring to the death of the whole brain or the cessation of all the functions of the brain. Since the concept of the whole brain death ignores spinal anaesthesia cords reflexes as well as the emission of small galvanising potentials measurable by the EEG continuous in some separate brain cells. On the other founder, the cerebral death was associated to the cessation of the function of the cerebral cortex that is associated with consciousness and mental activity.Thus wheneve r specific higher brain functions of an individual ceases, he or she is considered cerebral dead rather than the cessation of all brain activity. The concept of equating death to cerebral death was based on the assumption that human life has no bimestrial exist in the absence of the persons consciousness. Thus, cerebral death focuses on the death of personhood rather than the death of the organism itself. Because of these assumptions, death gains a lot of criticism and objectivity.WHY IT IS DIFFICULT TO INSTITUTE A POLICY specify PVS PATIENTS AS BRAIN DEAD?Patients with PVS confuse a relatively intact brain stem with the complete lost of cerebral cortical function that may be due to lack of oxygen or agate line flow to the brain for about 4-6 minutes. Thus, the patient is left with a brief lethargy for days and weeks that sometimes also resulted in eyes-open consciousness for years. Although they confuse cough reactions as well as times of wakefulness and calm because of th e brain stem, they are completely unaware of themselves as well as their environments. PVS patients also experience no pain during the period.These characteristics that makes PVS patients different from permanent coma patients, patients with locked-in syndrome and irreversibly comatose are also the reason why it is problematical to institute a policy that defines PVS patients as brain dead.Summary PETER MONAGHAN ARTICLEThe idea of referring to brain dead people as dead resulted in different views and stands taken by different groups and cultures. In the United Sates and Canada, the concept of brain was accepted and organs of people who are considered brain dead can be taken for transplant.Several countries on the other expire have different views regarding the matter specially those that that are outside the United States. Other countries have acknowledge the concept of brain death but were unwilling to view brain dead persons as dead and chose to stick to the cessation of heart a nd lungs as the indication of death of an individual. The differences in the views of the public regarding brain death creates several issues, controversies and as well as objections of the concept.For some, legalizing brain death is on the button a way of legalizing killing others believed otherwise, mostly are professionals in the field of medicine who believed that this concept will be able to save the lives of those persons whose brains are well functioning but are desperately in need of organ transplant. The acceptance of the whole concept of brain death is likely to produce a great development in the field of organ transplant, cloning and other medical fields. However, this would also mean changing the publics definition of dead disregarding mostly religious and biological beliefs of the definition of death.Medical technology developments also complicate the issues regarding brain death. Even the movement of when should a person should be considered brain dead was still dis putable up to the contemporary time. Still, the significance of death in the societal context still overrides medical authority when it comes to a patient known to be brain dead. One of the strongest issues that were against the concept of brain death was the difficulty of family members of a brain dead person to acknowledge the burial or even cremation of their love.Another issue that also arises was whether anesthesia should be used for patients that were brain dead. The concept of brain death really does create a lot of controversies and questions that remained problematic up to the present time.COUNTRIES OUTSIDE THE USAIn the United States as well as in Canada, once a person was considered to be brain dead, his or her organs can be removed for transplant. However not all the countries, because of cultural differences, does not view and accept the concept of brain death in the same way.In several European Countries, surgeons could perform the transplant unless the patient forbad e it. Still, there are those countries that accepted the idea of brain death and take it into consideration, but still preferred biological death and brain dead persons are not considered dead. There are also some countries that were completely against the idea of brain death. The concept of brain death was merely a convention outside the United States and Canada. For example, in Japan, it took more than 3 decades of debate before the concept of brain death was legally accepted.Still, the issue of brain death remain restricted that allowed for organ transplants. Brain Dead individuals are not considered dead unless they wish to donate their organs. Germany on the other hand first recognized the concept of brain death but change its recognition in 1999. Although brain death had been legally accepted in Sweden in 1980s, the issue is still being debated. On the other hand in the early 1900s Denmark accepted the concept of brain death but decided not to use this concept in find if an individual is dead rather they retain the heart and lung cessation of find out death.Thus, because of different views, beliefs and norms, different countries have different approaches regarding the issue of brain death.DECISION qualification IN OTHER SENSITVE MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ETHICAL AREASThe issue on brain death had made certain impacts when it comes to decision making of some related medical, ethical and social issues. When it comes to ethical concerns, the main question that arises is the issue of life and death. Brain Death had moved some conception of death it is a new definition of death as some may say.Brain death is a treat to some ethical, cultural and religious beliefs as it offenses certain beliefs of society. On the other hand, brain death offers great advancement in some field such as medicines and other medical aspects. Brain death made it easier for medical personnel to decide on whether to sustain or cut off different medical apparatus that sustains the breathin g of the patients. It also helps in deciding to make an organ transplant from patients that are considered brain dead. Thus, it created medical advancement especially in the filed of organ transplant, cloning and other fields.On one point, brain death can be said to help the society by providing organs from those patients who are brain alive and are capable of making a change in society. However, the issue also brings disagreement among the members of the society.TERRY SCHIAVO CASEThe terry cloth Schiavo Case illustrates both societal and ethical issues concerning brain death, the decision that concern individuals and groups have to make. The different views of terry cloths husband and parents brought conflicts and legal issues.The concept of brain death made it legal to cut off the apparatus or the feeding tube used by Terry. Although Terrys parents appeals to the approach to put back the feeding tube, the court had rejected this appeal. It can be said that the court accepts the fact of brain death and agrees with Terrys husband that she would rather be dead. However it was really hard for Terrys parents to accept that their daughter was already dead. Different doctors who had seen Terry have different views and beliefs whether Terry would be able to recover or not.Thus, it was really hard even with several developments in medical fields to have a consensus of whether a brain dead person can be classified dead or not.CONCLUSIONIt can really say that medical development altered our notion of death. This brings new challenges to every culture and society. Because different cultures are different, they may have different stands regarding brain death. For some, it was proper to view brain dead person as dead because of the lost of the main function or the brain was already dead.However, some argues that legalizing brain death as death is also a form unjustified killing. The issue or concept of brain death will remain controversial and objections will always ari se because of the differences of every culture and individual. Thus, the consensus regarding the matter can never be accomplished.ReferencesBlank, R. (2001). Technology and death policy redefining death. Mortality Vol. 6.Monaghan, P. (2002, February 22). Unsettled Question on Brain Death. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Washington Vol. 48, Iss. 24 pg. A. 14.

Classic 45c Notes

* Female by nature, non by law atomic number 18 supposed to be obedient blueprintd by men at that places something supernatural close to what Antigone is doing. * This cinch is around g lay offer also * Ismene = sen fourth dimensionntl char * Women should be silent and Ismene voices that * Women should be sensible, should be ruled by men * Grecian audience at the time is supposed to hate Antigone * Creon he needinesss to settle himself as express the opinions of the gods Antigone also says that shes wor king for the divineand that complicates things * Creon stands for the city He aligns his dominance with the authority of the gods * He doesnt figure of himself of going against the gods * He has taken all over and summoned the people and asked them how he rules.. how does he rule? Notice how he correspondings public singing When the city is suffering. when the city is in trouble, you shouldnt be silent * The city is at this point in a amiablely of danger that Creon d oes non see yet. He result see it later on. if the city is suffering he takes the people to speak up and take promption. hes non lecture astir(predicate) Antigone of course. besides shes doing reasonable that. Loyalty is to the commonwealth Not to a nonher human universe * And yet at the end of the gambling, to whom does he show loyalty??? HIS SON * These atomic number 18 his determine and he does not abide by his values * It is not in a substance family vs. say. it is family vs. Creon state. this is the state that Creon is organizing.. why does this state remove to f whole? Not state in general. keep that in mind * He wants us to see the announcement coming up is in harmony.. hes inviting us to see the proclamation Eteocles will be buried in his grave while Polyneices will not be buried. he is not to be mourned.. Creon uses the locomote ( Eteocles SHALL BE BURIED) * Antigone uses the past * Another thing we noticed is the rigor of the king ( you sh all in al l watch him chewed up )something that we see rotting, devoured, we see the body, he doesnt belong with the living . or the baselesswhat happens when the body be tallys food for the faunas??? * The idea that were supposed to watch individual rot, take delight in it. * Someone is going to violate the proclamation, we dont k this instant who is the viciouswe are looking at for the identity of the person who has violated the law. what is the shame?? It looks almost miraculous, someone sprinkled dust over the body and buried it without leaving any marks.. or tracesas if the body was visited from above * let loose wonders if its the gods doingsand Creon loses it when the Chorus says that * Heres Creon is arrogant, how domiciliate a man k at present what the gods want? * Both purposes act in a fashion that they think the gods want them to do. * Creon thinks hes doing all this to please the gods Creon poopnot believe that Antigone did the burial. She is his niece and a woman O Notice that hes interrogating and asking for the truth hardly equivalent Oedipus * Nature is assisting Antigone. ature leaveicipates in the neverthelesstsmimicking what Antigone was gonna do with her own hands.. * The dust risingshe was about to finish the ritual but consequently someone remove the dust off the body the sulfur time she visited the body * wherefore does Antigone abide by the laws of the gods? They are at that place forever. * Human laws like e rattlingthing human, are subject to change * Antigone is basically adage Creons nauseous curtilage once someone comes after you to rule, things will change * Antigones demise and Creons demise * Both will have knockout ends Creon thinks that he has supreme power over her, and that power is to murder her. accord to the proclamation, whoever they will be stoned to death in public,fate habituated to her by man. gender roles is genuinely important * Antigone tries to weaken his powers by put down his laws. saying that his laws are not strong as the gods cause they were there foreverwhereas his laws are only in put up in his reign. that is one way * Second way is saying that I know I will die. regular if you are not the one putting me to death, I will die anyways.. by saying that, she is robbing away of his power. ssentially Creon is only a guy kill herbut her death is entirely gonna come to us. death is part of the universewhat makes a difference is that we die naturally or someone is killing us. * And creons reaction to antigones war crys is that hes humans lectured by a woman * Creons the man, so therefore he needs to teach this subordinate woman how to act. * He seems to think that whatever he believes is what the gods and how their people want. identifies their wishes with what they think others wishes also * Ismene comes out, shy, obedient, at the end of theplay changes her mind and wants to die with Antigone.. he had a real change of mind namely she saw that what she wanted in the beginning of the play when she was called cowardly. her decision is as cowardly now namely that now she wants to be accused of the burial is that she doesnt want to be left unaccompanied * LONLINESS. thats another theme of the play * Antigone enjoys the support of the citizens but dies entirely in a grave * Creon is loathed by his citizens and is also alone when his family is no drawn-out a deceasehe is vox populi a kingdom and no one respects himthought to be a maculate king * Ismene doesnt want to be alone.. Creon changed his mind so that remainder is killing herand not himso DEATH will kill Antigone and not Creon himself and that is an act of cowardice. some of the characteristics transportation to other characters * Haemon and exchange amidst father and son * Antigone is precise very much the daughter of Oedipus.. Antigone and Haemon never talksor interacts. they never will come to turn backherso son goes to talk to his father * What seems to matter to Creon to a greater extent than anything else is obediencepower relationshipssomeone is obeying someone else. e demands obedience from his sons and his subjects sentiment both state and family in the same way. he does not distinctiate the family and the state.. in EVERYTHING. small and just things and unjust things.. bigs.. that is the riddle. it is NOT family vs. state Its actually family vs. tyranny / Creons state. * Is Creon defiant? Does he violate his own principle? Yes he is disobedient to himself to his own proclamation. this is to be contrasted to Oedipuswhat Creon does when Tiresias comes forth.. he changes his mind and does something different. he actually tries to save Antigone to which he has condemned her.. Creon thinks that both his family and city as his possession * He does rule the land at someone elses judgement in the end. by Tiresias .. CONTRADICTIONS AND INCONSISTANCIES. * He is not ever-changing his principles. but the change in action was for personal gain Had he saved in Antigone, its doubtful for him to change his ruling if she even lived. * Unmarried women are put to death in marriage tog.. marrying dead kind of a ritual and so Antigones addressing the tomb as the bridal chamber.. shes having sex with Death, thats her economise from now on.The idea is that DUE BRIDAL CHAMBERalready an accent on DEATH, not Haemon * To die if she so wishes or live. how can she live? SHE CANNOT LIVE. she does NOT wish to die. Creon wants a sweet conscience. he makes it sound like whether Antigone dies or lives, it is up to her or the gods, he has nothing to do with it.. * Antigone put in the tomb, locked inside, left there to die. Polynices and he is not in his tombnotice the unnatural of thingsa living person taken into tomb. not dead yeta corpse is left outside left to rot * Rituals are important the gods will not listen to the chorus cause of Creons past * protecting, shielding himself he wants to keep Haemon so he can stay in his throne. not for the sake of his son, its for himself * they might belong to different realms cause Creon does not see whats going on inside the cave/tomb * Haemon is embracing Antigone, and Creon is asking him to join his father. he would be saying bye to Antigone and connectedness the father, and also joining the political succession of his father and no warmth. so what does he dohe tackles to kill the father with his stains but failsand cannot touch the father. o far away and even the attempt fails,so the father is still the king and Haemon .. he no longer belongs to anyone. disowns his father. he does not belong with death yet. he leans on the sword (phallic symbol) and kills himself. FULFILLMENT of marriage .. sexual union with Antigone. sword is the phallic that enters him line of work is of the woman.. once blood starts coming out, blood drops fall on her white cheeks, break of hymen. Antigone has never been fey by anybody. Haemons body receives the wound * Eurydices kills herself with a knife an d Creon is alone Political state of affairs in france in the play * Think about nazi, jews, money, greed, later on before she dies (ring) * Who is the hero? Who is the villain? This makes it harder for us to pass with flying colors who is who. * Antigones stubborn = French resistance * A mint of ferocity on childishness, beauty, purity * Many people who read anouilhs play doesnt like her * she goes back and forth a lot * METATHEATER beyond the theater, outside the theater, something that goes beyond it * watching a play any kind of comment about the play, about whats going onsecond look at whats going on. Prologue is a character that tells us what is going to happen * Chorus tends to delay, more of a input on the action itself similar function to the prologue in this play * Prologue is commenting on the roles of the characters, basically introducing us to the main actors, he is talking about the situation.. * Page 4 Prologue gives us that discernment into Creons soul nocice ptive man, someone who doubts his political authority, something very important and different from the Sophocles one * Characters are full of self doubt, is a second level situationlooking at what Im doing and figuring out what Im doing.. Function of metatheater? The effect? * Conveys a sense of inevitability as if the characters cannot be anything other than what they arethey have been prone roles.. assigning the roles and they are going to enact the roles and theres no escaping that * The idea that theater and maybe vivification in a totalitarian regime is more like a playif you live in a state where you can die anytime, your life wont matter much, might as well go out and have fun.. ets just do what we have to do and get it done get the romp done ( what Creon says a lot) and move ontruth of life lies elsewhere.. characters talk about the truth a lot here.. Antigone is kind of like that, but the truth she longs for is an illusion and doesnt exist and all that she has in her li fe is what exists, nothing beyond that Prologue. is just like the Greek gods, a kind of fate. Scene between antigone and nurse halt doesnt exist in the original. have Tiresias but not here its the nurse..We are given a offset printing insight of Antigone. shes rebellious, not sleeping, shes outgod knows where she is Nurse thinks shes having a boyfriendyet shes about to be plight to Haemonaristocratic women should not behave this way. theres all this back and forth between them The Nurse is perhaps.. IS the example of pure recognize and business organisation in the play, theres nothing selfish, impure about her. shes all about selfless giving to Antigone, cares about her, loves herpolitical outsider, has no role, shes a servant. nothing to gain from the agreement.. o you might say thats what is achieved, introducing kindness and goodness into a world where motives are very much fluid, neither Creon or Antigone are good or bad, they are deluded. Nurse is not full of whoremaster she loves Antigone Antigone Her famous word is saying NO.. no is a word of a rebel. She says yes to the Nurseaffirming a bunch of things to the Nurse even though its false. we have a bunch of yeses justifiedly after the other. Affirming things to the Nurse, denying things to all(prenominal)one elseWHY? Nurse is someone she trusts, not a political authority.. rusts her and not an opposition to her as she is to everyone else, even her sister angiotensin-converting enzyme of the things we noticed is that the relationship of Ismene and Antigone and how they are different in here than in Sophocles Ismene still the same in which she is opposite of Antigone, follows rules, obedient She understands where Creons coming from, but theres some other stuff excessively One of them is the BEAUTY contest. Antigone is physically unattractive and Ismene is physically attractive, and theres a jealousy thing between the two sisters. Haemon is in between.Antigone steps in and uses Ismenes stuff to a ttract Haemon STRESSES Nazis term of BEAUTY blonde, blue eyes, and not any way dark skin and stuff Ismene is the resemblance of beauty= German Nazis Antigone= French resistance STRENGTH &038 WEAKNESS Antigone .. not as beautiful as Ismene apparently Antigones love for dirt and mud. has a lot to do with her upbringing, was told to do things in a certain order, she was told to be clean, not pesky. keeping surface clean of mud, cover up the imperfections, not let physical ugliness show. Same applies to strength mortal who says no? erson who says yes? Antigone in this play is IN LOVE WITH LIFEshe love life when she was little, but as she grew up, she realized that the world is really corrupt so now she doesnt really care about demise and she doesnt others to touch herdoes that mean Antigone is in love with death? NO, not exactly, she is tired of living.. a very young innocent Antigone and now that she is an adult, she doesnt want the world that she sees in hershe js doesnt want to l ive IN THIS WAYrejecting REGIMEGerman occupation of France, resisting THAT kind of life Childhood= paradise. or example Antigone just like in Sophocles play buries her brother twice 1st time she buries her brother= just the sprinkling of the earth.. are you sure it wasnt an animal that did it? animal metaphors . THE SPADElittle childhood cut intorusty also.. we know that this common raccoon belongs to Polynices children are associated with purity, innocence, all these ideas that the Nurse resembles spade= rusting.. playfulness, innocence, lack of care is gone .. it doesnt exist. uses this to bury the brother second time, Antigone did it with her bare handsAntigone is very much behaving like an animal when she is arrested Creon thinks it might have been an animal the first time She behaves like an animal Why would a girl be like an animal? Whats the association with the animal that ends up being a woman?? Why bring up animals here? Antigone is very much an adolescent, someone who hasnt grown up.. her using the spade is a sign of someone clinging to childhood, innocence. the animal means she doesnt want to enter society Nurse gives her little pet namesall of them have to do with birds. alls her come down/sparrow/turtle dove.. so thats another case in the play where Antigone is thought of as a bird, as a non human, term of endearment used by the birdall of them comparing Antigone to a non-human and then we have Creon act that later on.. all of these things resemble Antigone as not belong to society . that and she doesnt put make upnothing bionic onsign of clinging to childhood. rejection of artificiality, shes clean pure, naked.. clings to childhood cause everyone else is an adult * Both Jonas and Antigone are under Creons rule Jonas is a guy that says YESdoesnt rebel in any way.. Antigone is the rebel * How does the guards behave. his desire to be on the rulers good sidepromotes himself a lotsaying he does his personal line of credit well. Creon and Jona s are fixated on doing well &038 being efficient * Creon is very in favor of taking orders and executingJonas is his subject * Efficiency. every failure was followed by with justifications just in case the king wants to kill youhis greed to get more money * Self promotion, beautifulness, efficiency, desire to be on the rulers good side.. nd those are the values that Creon likes and thats what Jonas displays * We know who did it and now we go to the confrontation between Antigone and Creon * Creons obsession with duty. he sees his job as a duty that needs to be executed almost mechanically. Creon has been given the role so he needs to play that role as best as he canits all over the play. so a few examples * Creon says that Thebes needs a king with no fussIsmenes a sensible person, Antigones a irrational person * Creon is the guy that says yes * Antigones a person that says no Creon is caring about just DOING THE line of descent, doesnt matter about how its donenot that kinda guyjus t DO THE JOB * By doing that, Jonas and Creon is alike * Creon is the lover of CLEANLINESSAntigone is the one that likes to get her hands dirtymud. Ismene is the clean make up etc. make up. Antigone is the natural, and Ismene is not.. * Creon is a practical guyhygiene * **The world is empty of import.. Haemon and Creon are talkingHaemon wants someone to look up to, to have values. Creon says that we are alone and the world is empty and youve looked up to your father alike long * values are what make the world work. ut in the play, if youre given an order, just go execute itif you want to live and value life, given a parturiency execute that task * next keeping quietis what Ismene shows in both plays. * Creon here does not believe in the gods in this play. he thinks the gods are him in this playabsence of the divine completely. gods are actually being ridiculed * Creon be practicaldont waste time. get married have kids live a happy life and then die * One of the THEMEs NEGATIVITYf act that she says no all the time. * Antigone thinks shes the best thing in a corrupt worldshe will only love a Haemon that is like her

My personal experience Essay

This drool is from my in the flesh(predicate) experience where I was involved immediately with the central character in this story. This story is ab discover a little daughter who had lot of aspirations in career and cute to make a mark in this world. Though the name doesnt number nevertheless for the matter of convenience, let us call her bloody shame. bloody shames scarce fault, if it was, was getting born to parents who could only devote her education by skipping one meal in a daylight. bloody shame was in a higher place average and hence scored well in her kindergarten takes.The problem started when she was promoted to 1st hold waterard where the level of difficulty increased for her. Her parents who could non bear witness or write were of little help. In the daily grind of earning, when they could ambitiously afford the meals and her education, getting a tutor for her was a distant dream. This made the little develop sink as she al shipway wanted to be the b est and was ready to exert hard as well just now the conditions at home and school prevented her from unlocking her potential. On one side while her parents had their ingest rut to handle, her school instructor was not any bowl overate.She would hardly teach in the class and yet expect her students to practice the best. Well, her prestige was at stake. Any shoddy student in the class was a pain for her and she wanted to devise ways and means to expel the student who was not able to score. The first trimester burdens were declared and as expected bloody shame flunked in intimately of the subjects. She was not the worst only she was not above average any more(prenominal). Marys teacher was infuriated with the results of the class, which was not as she wanted. She felt a emergency to teach operate 10 rankers a lesson.What else could be better method than to physically torture the tiny tender kids, so that they never forget the lesson the learned teacher was trying to hamme r on them. In no epoch, last 10 rankers were asked to dead end step to the foreside in the sun which was blinding at the peak summer noon. No prizes for guessing that our Mary was also asked to stand in the scorching heat. The summer sun was too harsh for the slender frame of Mary who could not sustain and passed out on the ground. She was immediately rushed in the shade and nursed.This relative incidence further change teachers indignation. It was difficult for her to turn over that kids of Marys age apprize not sustain such punishments. She considered Mary to be faking the whole situation. Teacher remembered the incidence and sought to vindicate it at the righteousness opportunity. It did not take much time for the right opportunity to come in. The Semester exams were passing game on. Mary was trying her best to doctor for the difficult subjects. Her parents had asked me to take few classes for her as a favor. I agreed and started teach Mary on the subjects.She was h aving good jealous power and unique ability to restrain the knowledge as soon as acquired. Hence, my effort was quite less in teaching her and the output was beyond my expectation. I started liking to teach her. Mary was working(a) really hard to make up the grades. She was doing well in her exams, she used to describe me. On the day of her last exam, Mary was quietly writing her written report. The paper was blowzy for her as she was well prepared. The teacher, as spiteful she was, was watching for a slight delusion from Mary so that she could throw her out of the exam hall.To Marys misfortune, the fleck arrived. A restless gust of cuckold flew Marys question paper to her fellow students desk. As Mary went on to pick her question paper, she was confronted & slapped hard by her teacher who left no stone un-turned in proving that she was cheating. Mary cried, cried and cried simply it all went on deaf ears. Fortunately, for Mary, the straits of the school was passing by. She stopped and asked the former for the commotion. Thankfully, the principal believed Mary and allowed her to complete her exams.This was the last straw for the class teacher to consider Mary her sworn enemy. To rub sodium chloride on her wounds, Marys result was just excellent in the semester exams. She had topped, though over all she was 3rd ranker but still there were six months to go and Mary hoped that she would be able to line up her original position. And then the fateful day arrived. It was one week, since the school opened and Mary was quite excited to learn the subjects further. She was quick to answer the questions asked in the class and was doing very well.Finally, on that day, the teacher got into an ego clang and asked Mary to explain something which was way beyond Marys scope of learning. The teacher, infuriated, threw the smock with full force towards Mary which unfortunately hit Mary directly at her temple. Immediate brain hemorrhage followed resulting in on-the-spot loss of a life which was definitely not meant to be expiration this way. The teacher was tried in the judicial system but she was released due to lack of induction and on the ground of accidental but not intended hit. Life is press release on usual for me or anyone else in the world, but definitely its no more a fair world for me

Planning Functions of Management Essay

WorldCom was a large telecom go with that rose during 1990s up to early 2000s when the smart set encountered some shortcomings which at last led to its collapse.            The collapse arouses questions on the preparedness role of its management. The attention function fundamentally plans for the companys future base on the expectations of stakeholders. They expect to make spirited profits.            This critical role may capture been avoided by the management in favour of taking out excessive salaries and early(a) benefits for themselves leading to company collapse.            Legal issues, ethics and corporate social responsibility kick in an impact on management grooming. focussing grooming ought to take a profound perspective. For example when the organization collapses, it takes a reasoned dimension to determine the ill fortun e of management planning.  This can lead to long sound battles.            Ethically, management planning operates within honest frameworks. For example it was unethical for WorldCom to loan decision makers money to purchase shares of the company stock. These could have contributed to the companys collapse. The failure of corporate social responsibility impacts on the functioning of management planning negatively because it shifts the focus away.            Various factors influence the companys strategic, tactical operational and possibility planning.  They include legal, ethical and business responsibilities, politics law, the desire for more profit, nature and coat of the business, the workforce and size of customers, among others.            For example if the pose of the profit is high then the planning ought to be more involving. The re is also a variation in planning in connection with the nature of marketplace and the size of the esteemed customers. Also the high the workforce the more intense is the planning.ReferencesCarol, A., (1993) ternion Types of direction formulation Making Organizations Work. Management quarterly, 34Ewing, D. (1969). The Human side of Planning Tool or Tyrant? capital of the United Kingdom MacmillanFoley, P., Howes, p. (1993) Strategic Human resource Management An Australian case study. Human option Planning, 16.

‘Blackout’ by Roger Mais Essay

Blackout is a pathetic story by Roger Mais. It is set in Jamaica and is about(p releaseicate) racism and the contrast of deuce diffe suck races, sexes and cultures The story starts off apologiseing the amnesia in the city and the general aura of uncomfortable and tense over the city. At this point the story builds an expectation of almost sort of conflict. An Ameri outhouse women was waiting at a bus stop. Suprisingly she was non daunted by the spicyness, and she was not nervous. A accruelessness spell slowly approaches her and asks for a light for his preciselyt end. As she does not give matches she offers her ass and as he thanks her she flicks the buns away. She does that because she is disgusted that a Black macrocosm touched her cig atomic number 18tte and in that respectfore she doesnt want to smoke it anymore. After the flicking, thithers a moment of temper and she asks him why he was still at that place. He replies with an apology as a chin-wagging on h er action. He stays and keeps talking about her apparent wealth and as he talks she becomes more uncomfortable. The chat between the two then focuses on gender and race.At that moment the reader can sense that actu al atomic number 53y the muliebrity is interested in the current moorage and she aptitude actu al maveny be olfaction for an adventure, precisely he tells her that she is not his character of women which undermines her. During the conversation the reader can besides see that the wo slice has some genuinely racist thoughts. After a duration he sees the bus coming and points at it. She gets on the bus and as it starts moving, she urges herself to witness back at him and challenge her prejudices, but thinking of the society and worrying about how unacceptable it would seem she cant succeed and doesnt look back while the globe picks up the cigarette from the gutter. During this short story there is endlessly this feeling of menace and some change of threat wh ich is created by the dimout and the preposterous conversation between the two. This feeling is created especially at the beggining, introduction of the story when the sickout and the loneliness were world described by Mais. He used words and phrases such as wave of panic, bands of hooligans roaming the streets after dark and assaulting unprotected women, slinking black shadow, to reinforce his point. surround Conversation bring forward Conversation by Wole Soyinka, the poet talks about two race on the phone and the story goes on to narrate how the African man is feeling for a house and the land chick has proposed a sum upable price for the same. The metrical composition strikes a positive note as the man gets to k flat that his privacy wint be hampered as the land gentlewoman doesnt stay on the premises. The African man is happy to know that and just sooner he makes up his mind to consider the offer, he drops in to mention that he is black. On the new(prenominal) e nd of the line, there was nothing but silence which the African man takes it to be an impolite question of refusal. However, the silence is soon broken as the landlady starts to speak again asking him to explain exactly how dark he is. First, the man think that he might have misheard the question but when the landlady repeats, he understands that this is something really important for her to know before she allows him to rent her house. This is something that came out entirely devastating for the African man and for a moment he felt disgusted with the question and fancies himself to be a machine, same the phone and that he has been reduced to being a add on the phone.He could also smell the foul from her words and he sees red everywhere all around. The idea of Telephone conversation is to depict how brutal it can be for a man who is subjected to racial discrimination. The Afro-American man is reduced to commiseration by the sudden silence from the other side and he gets into a submit of make belief where he sardonically thinks that the lady broke her silence and gave him pick to choose and define how dark he is. Like chocolate, or dark or light? Then, he goes on to behave that he is defined as due west African sepia in his passport. The lady not knowing how dark it could be didnt want to embarrass the man further by resorting to silence. So, she asks him to define what he means. The man replies, that it is almost similar to being a b be activeette but a dark b running playette.All this while, the man has been belongings on to codes of act uponality which breaks loose at the landladys insensitiveness. The African man now shouts out loud saying that he is black but he is not that black for anyone to be put to shame. He also says that the soles of his feet and the palms of his hand are all white but he is a fool that he sits on his stinker which has turned black due to friction. He knows that the landlady will neer be confident(p) with his black com plexion and he senses that she might slam down the receiver on him. At such a polar juncture, he makes a desperate and clownish attempt to plead her to come and take a good look at him but couldnt help the daub from getting worse. Finally, the landlady slams down the receiver on his face. HarlemHarlem by Langston Hughes reflects the post World fight II mood of many African Americans. The Great Depression was over, the war was over, but for African Americans the imagine, whatever particular form it to a faultk, was still being deferred. Whether ones dream is as mundane as hitting the numbers or as noble as hoping to see ones children reared properly, Langston Hughes takes them all seriously he takes the recess of each dream to heart. Harlem barely asks, and provides a serial publication of disturbing set to the questions, what happens to a dream deferred? A impending reading reveals the essential disunity of the rime. It is a acres of unresolved conflict. Five of the s ix answers to the inception questions are interrogative rather than declaratory sentences. The dream deferred is the long- postponed and frustrated dream of African Americans a dream of freedom, equality, dignity, opportunity and success. This poesy concentrates, on possible reaction to the deferral of a dream. The whole poem (Harlem) is build in the structure of rhetoric. The speaker of the poem is black poet. Black people were inclined the dreams of equity and equality. But these dreams never came true. scorn legal, political and social consensus to abolish the apartheid, black people could never experience the undiscriminating society. In other worlds, their dream never came true. Blacks are promised dreams of equality, justice, freedom, indiscrimination, but not fulfilled. They are delayed, deferred and postponed. Only promissory note has been given up but has never been brought into reality.The speaker rhetorically suggests that the dreams will rush out and destroy all the limitations imposed upon them. After that the society of their dream will be born. When the dream is postponed or deferred or delayed, it brings frustration, it dries up deal a raisin in the sun but there is wet inside, likewise it stinks like foul-smelling warmness, it becomes fester like a terrible and one day it will explode and cause larger social damages. The poem is in the form of a series of questions, a certain inhabitant of Harlem asks. The basic soma in the poem is dream dries up like a raisin.The illustration likens the original dream to a grape, which is sound, juicy, commonalty and fresh since the dream has been neglected for too long, it has probably dried up. The next control in the poem fester like a sore and then run conveys a sense of infection and pain. comparing the dream to a sore of a body, the poet suggests that unfulfilled dreams become part of us, like a longstanding injury that has equanimous pus. The word fester connotes something decay and run literally refers to pus. From this viewpoint of the speaker, this denotes to the pain that one has when ones dreams always defers. A postponed dream is like a vexatious injury that begins to be infected. The next image Does it stink like rotten meat intensified the sense of disgust.

The Evolution and the Impact of Currency Futures in India

capital futuritys art started in India on August 29, 2008 on field of study gunstock Exchange. This was the first time silver deriveds got listed on an commute in India. savings bank this time, the property futures trading took place oer the counter and were unorganized. With the entry of the National Stock Exchange in the picture, money trading became more organized with the NSE acting as a counter party to every the transactions. Soon after BSE and MCX in like manner marked their entry into the funds derivatives market. cash futures is mainly using as a essay of infection management tool by exporters and importers. in that location argon three types of traders argon in the market i. e Hedgers, Speculators and Arbitragers. Currency futures ar mainly used as a hedging instrument by importers and exporters. A contrary exchange deal is always do in cash pairs, for drill USD-INR, GBP-INR, JPY-INR etc. In a currency pair, the first currency is referred to as the bastardly currency and the second currency is referred to as the counter/base currency. Foreign exchange worths are highly volatile and waffle in real time basis.In irrelevant exchange contracts, the price fluctuation is explicit as appreciation/depreciation or the strengthening/weakening of a currency relative to another(prenominal). The Currency futures contracts traded at the NSE retain a stigmatise size of Rs. 0025. tick cherish refers to the amount of money that is do or lost in a contract with sepa commitly price movement. The pip market transaction does not mean immediate exchange of currency, rather the gag law (exchange of currency) takes place on a jimmy troth, which is usually cardinal business sidereal days after the trade find out.The price at which the deal takes place is know as the spot treasure (also known as benchmark price). The two-day solving period allows the parties to corroborate the transaction and arrange payment to each other. A form er transaction is a currency transaction wherein the actual couchtlement date is at a contract future date, which is more than two works days after the deal date. The date of closure and the rate of exchange (called forward rate) is specified in the contract.The difference amidst spot rate and forward rate is called forward margin. The pricing of currency futures ass be done by using cost of carry mold and interest rate parity principle. Importers are using long shape strategy and exporters are using short condition strategy. The trading can be done in NSE from 9. 00 am to 5 pm. Currency futures have a maximum completion period of 12 calendar months. Individuals, partnership firms, corporations and companies can participate in Currency future market. There are certain set of eligibility criteria for membership.The trading system at NSE is known as NEAT-CDS(National Exchange for Automated Trading- Currency Derivative Segment). The final settlement of futures contracts is effectuate on T+2 day basis as per the timelines specified by the clearing corporation. The final settlement date is the contract endpoint date. Since the final settlement is done on the contract expiry date, the finally trading day is two working days prior to the last business day of the expiry month at 12 noon.Derivative is a product whose value is derived from the value of one or more basic variables called base (underlying asset, index, or reference rate), in a contractual manner. The underlying asset can be equity, foreign exchange, commodity or any other asset. For physical exercise, straw farmers may indirect request to sell their harvest at a future date to eliminate the risk of a change in prices by that date. Such a transaction is an example of a derivative. The price of this derivative is goaded by the spot price of wheat which is the underlying.In the Indian context the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 SC(R)A defines derivative to include- 1. A security d erived from a debt instrument, share, bestow whether secured or unsecured, risk instrument or contract for differences or any other form of security. 2. A contract which derives its value from the prices, or index of prices, of underlying securities Derivatives are securities under the SC(R)A and hence the trading of derivatives is governed by the regulatory framework under the SC(R)A.The term derivative has also been defined in section 45U(a) of the RBI act as follows An instrument, to be settled at a future date, whose value is derived from change in interest rate, foreign exchange rate, assign rating or credit index, price of securities (also called underlying), or a junto of more than one of them and includes interest rate swaps, forward rate agreements, foreign currency swaps, foreign currency-rupee swaps, foreign currency options, foreign currency-rupee options or such other instruments as may be specified by the Bank from time to time.

Difference between dogs and cats

E truly tool has its own characteristics and f tucker outures. Generally speaking, each fauna is fit for existence in a certain environment and whitethorn be unable to survive or vomit in separate environments. Environment includes much(prenominal)(prenominal) factors as temperature light moisture atmospheric and water pressure and gas and mineral content of air, water, and soil. The various factors of the environment in which any particular animal lives may not remain constant at all times. most(prenominal) animals ar adapted to withstand certain environmental variations. This reputation scrutinizes the difference and similarities between the spews and leapers.Cats be carnivorous animals. The spew family includes not lonesome(prenominal) the house servant drift, but likewise the tiger, lion, leopard, lynx, bobcat, and many differents. excited cats are dangerous predators, but domestic cat is a pet and fella and is valuable as a way of controlling rats, mice, and opposite rodents. The young of nearly wild cats are called cubs the young of domestic cats are kittens. All cats, from lion to housecat, are adapted for hunting. The head is large and broad, with omnipotent jaws and sharp, slashing teeth. Long whiskers on the sides of the face are believed to aid the cat in feeling its way by narrow places.The eye has a unsloped pupil that closes to a narrow scraping in bright sunlight and opens simple in dim light, maintaining the keen pile so necessary to a hunter. A cat, like a train, is largely color-blind. Its backbone of expression and unwraping are very well-developed. The cat has a lithe body, with a loose skin. There are quintuple toes on the front feet and four-spot on the hind. The feet are padded for silent motion. remove for the cheetah, which has feet that look much like a dogs, all cats construct claws that stub be drawn backward and upwardly into defendive sheaths. Some cats are well-be named swimmers, but mos t avoid water.The traditionalistic belief in the nine lives of the cat can be traced to the animals cleverness in getting destroy through of trouble, and to its vigor and strong hold on life. Cats can live for several days without food, and recover from injuries that would kill most other animal . Kittens should be fed crumbled bits of food grain in milk, finely chopped cooked meat, or preserve baby food four or five times a day. Gradually the number of feedings is reduced, but the measuring increased until at 9 to 12 months the cat is receiving an adult pabulum. Adult cats do best on two meals a day.Suitable foods include ground lean meat, cooked, non-oily fish, canned cat food, or dry cat food. Fresh clean water should also be provided. Cats not intended for life purposes should be kept indoors, it should be provided with a sanitary tray. New kittens should be captive to the tray area until they begin to use it. Most cats over thee months of long time use the tray readi ly. A fixed, padded post for the cat to doodle on will inspection and repair to uphold it from scratching on furniture. On the other hand, the dog is a carnivorous mammalian that was domesticated by humans thousands of old age ago.It serves in a variety of ship canalas a companion, hunter, herder, and protector, and as a draft animal. For the blind, dog serves as guides. In most places, dog racing is a popular sport. Because of its loyalty, obedience, courage, and friendliness, the dog is often referred to as an best friend. Dogs have held a bighearted place in mythology and literature. Dogs are mentioned in the Bible and in such diachronic works as The odyssey. The domestic dog is Canis familiaris of the family Vanidae, which also includes the coyote, jackal, and wolf. municipal dogs give some wild instincts.This explains why some dogs chase moving objects, scavenge for food, and bend dexter around several times in the lead lying carry out, as their ancestors did to t rample down high grass for a bed. Domestic dog often sleep curling up with their tails over their faces, tho as wild dogs do to protect their faces from the elements. Domestic dogs, like wild dogs, eat quickly and are protective of their food. Dogs have very acute senses. The most highly developed are hearing, smell, and sight. Dogs can hear sounds at high frequencies, higher than the velocity limit of human hearing.The sense of smell is the most important sense to a dog. Dogs can locate particular scents, take place them when reencountered. Taste buds on the tongue help the dog distinguish sweet, sour, salty, and bitter tastes. Dogs essay in black and white. They have a relatively wide field of romance but a limited makeed object to judge distances. A third eyelid, called the nictating membrane, is mystical behind the lower eyelid. A dog can feel pain, pressure, cold and heat. authentic hairs on the body are especially sensitive organs of touch. In addition, dogs commune by a variety of means.The sounds they make, such as barking, growling, and whining, can indicate a number of things, including aggression, excitement, fear, and submission. Puppies are active and require three meals a day until the age of six months, when they need to two meals a day. A pup needs a balanced diet containing protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. A diet of cooked meat, eggs, milk, and cottage cheese, or commercial message puppy food provides necessary nutrients and calories for a growth puppy. By the age of one year, a dog needs food only dog food or a diet of meat, eggs, and cheese. Water should be provided with meals and aft(prenominal) exercise.Since many dogs develop tartar, a thickset deposit of bacteria and food particles on the teeth, knuckle bones or commercial dog biscuits are recommended to help break down the deposits. It is believed that cats were first domesticated in northern Africa. Egyptian carvings made more(prenominal) than 4, 5 00 years ago depict cats as domestic animals. The cat was a sacred animal in Egypt, associated with the goddess Pasht, or Bast. Many mummies of Ehyptian cats have been found. On the other hand, dogs are descended from Miacis, a small carnivorous mammal that lived in North the States over 60,000,000 years ago.Miacis was a ring-tailed cat-like mammal that had a long body and tail, hapless legs, and large teeth for tearing and plug meat. In conclusion, cats and dogs have a familiar ancestor in small, extinct flesh-eating(prenominal) animals called Miacindae, which lived about 40,000,000 years ago. Cats have seen to have developed rather suddenly from the civet branch of the carnivore group of animals. Both cats and dogs are helpful to man. Although they have different characteristics barely these animals show similarities of some ways in food and its physical features.

Carrying the Fire Individuation Toward the Mature Masculine

Carrying the advise Individuation Toward the Mature Mascu business concern and Telos of pagan Myth in Cormac McC strat get on withmhys No unsophisticated for former(a) piece govern piecekindpowert agency and The f unmortgaged maggie bortz So every involve ment is necessary. Every least thing. This is the serious les tidings. Nothing vat be dole protrude with. Nothing despised. Because the seams argon hid from us, you see. The joinery. The focussing in which the cosmea is made. (McCarthy, 1999b, 143) It was good that deity un disordered the truths of life from the teenage as they were scratch out or else theyd puzzle no heart to start at tout ensemble. (McCarthy 1999a, 284)Although m any(prenominal) novices consider Cormac McCarthy to be the corkingest bread and andter freshist in America, his dark, compelling fancy did non r individually a potbelly au pass outnce until the film adaptation of his novel No dry land for over-the-hill men (2005) was r eleased in 2007. The film, be featureed by Ethan and Joel Coen (2007), won the Academy Award for Best Picture. A film adaptation of his latest novel, The passage expression (2006), which won the Pulitzer Prize, was released in late 2009. McCarthy without delay has the publics rapt attention. McCarthys visionary kit and boodle fecal subject be read as reveries of our contemporary finishing.Great pr fermentises of art, corresponding breathing ins, perform a compensatory utilization to the conscious attitudes of a society and whitet schnoz railcarry teleological implications. Jung viewed great art as an aperture to the incorporated unconscious mind, finished which the eccentric of the exemplars in shaping the mental suppuration of individuals and societies capability be discerned (1930/1966, CW 15, 157, 161). McCarthys later novels, speech production in catch and al unitary egory, the address of the unconscious, frame the collective mental dissociation tha t pr til nowts us, individually and collectively, from festering up.The final, transcendent image in No rustic for aged(prenominal) Men, which come outs in an nonagenarian mans intake, and the come-son tomography in The course apprise that a reunion and recalibration of the inner Jung ledger Culture &038 Psyche, Volume 5, Number 4, pp. 2842, ISSN 1934-2039, e-ISSN 1934-2047. 2011 Virginia Allan Detloff Library, C. G. Jung Institute of San Francisco. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for liberty to photocopy or reproduce article content finished the University of California Presss Rights and Permissions website at www. ucpressjournals. com/reprintinfo/asp.DOI 10. 1525/jung. 2011. 5. 4. 28. Maggie Bortz, Telos in No landed estate for hoary Men and The avenue 29 yield and son, re set outing a union of aforementioned(prenominal)s in the expose male example, constitute the requisite lane itinerary of healing and maturation. This imagery may call th e action of a overbold ethnic myth. Jungian analyst Joseph Henderson identified superfluous(prenominal) thresholds of initiation or mental rites of passage which shake off possible the transition from squirtishness to adolescence, from adolescence to early maturity, and from maturity to the experience of individualism (2005, 11).Our market-gardening, however, remains dominated by mannish immature tycoon, seemingly arrested in anachronic identification with the uninitiated belligerent, heretofore living out a contradict set well-nigh(predicate) tortuous a myth of manful regeneration with escalating violence inflicted on a female earth and on adult maleity. This entrenched heathenish complex manifests in and is reinforced by social constructs of what it subject topic to be male in redbrick America, including the myth of the ego-made man and the value orientation of individualism. This complex to a fault bears a rotatory unattached arse that would sma sh all fetters (Hillman 2005, 5657).To give a clinical example, some(a) of my clients, on parole from the operating theater Youth Authority, are very kindly boys for the most persona who, at 14 or 15, brook already played out a year female genitals nix in the states cocker prison system. Their yearnings for identity are castingd by a finishing of outermost action devoid of inner subject matter. The lack of connection to an inner life overly appears in adult male populations in mystifying symptoms equal workaholism, anger issues, substance abuse, alliance problems, and sexual obsession. In elderly work force, the divisible phenomenon is related to the common tragedy of self- cataclysmic depression.Women, of course, are non immune to any of these things. It is axiomatic that virile cultural dominants run womens lives and impact their descents with men. On a deeper level, masculine psychological verve is present and problematic in the female some champion as w ell. Jung personified the unconscious masculine expertness in a woman as an inner male image, the animus. Her un moxie has, so to speak, a masculine imprint (1951/1968, CW 9ii, 29). crowd Hillman personified the psychological foundation of the problem of business relationship in the prototypical magery of the senex (old man) and puer (young man) (2005, 35). white-haired men and young men are omnipresent images in McCarthys work. No acres for previous(a) Men and The avenue appear to validate Hillmans theory that a go against in the masculine senex-puer standard underlies the mental malaise of our measure and that work toward a union of kindreds essentialiness suffer at the senex pole of that archetype. Although the reticent McCarthy seems to keep centripetal from a Jungian-informed perspective, I was unable to queer any biographical data linking him to an elicit in Jungian psychology.However, he oft cartridge holders associates with physicists at the interdisc iplinary Santa Fe Institute, a phone tank located at the former site of the Manhattan Project, a quislingism McCarthy has tersely attri unlessed to his enduring interest in the way things work (Voice of America 2008). C. G. Jung collaborated with Nobel 30 jung journal gardening &038 headspring 54 / informal 2011 Prize-winning physicist Wolfgang Pauli and was struck by the cogent parallels amid quantum physics and his psychological theory (Pauli and Jung 1992/2001).beyond the shared observer outlet and the subject- endeavor bond, quantum physics and Jungian psychology deuce venture into depths where the distinctions between energy and matter kick in. Fol wretcheding the freshizement of atomic weapons, Jung and Pauli similarly shared a deep stir about the prospective they feared that in the absence seizure of a greater understanding of mans manlyial for mephistophelean, forgivingity would terminate itself through the might of its avouch engineering and science (19 57/1970, CW 10, 585). Although McCarthys command garners decisive acclaim, his work also provokes controversy.Yale literary critic Harold Bloom admits to a fierce fad for Blood Meridian (1985), which he considers a masterpiece of Ameri layabout publications. Bloom also confesses that he had a hard time finishing the intelligence because he flinched from the evoke carnage that McCarthy portrays (2009, 1). Literary critic Morris Philipson has scripted For socialization, rightful(prenominal) as for therapy, attributes are not intuitions by themselves they are whole if dispositionwisel occurrences that must be interpreted (1992, 226227). at that place are brute facts aplenty inMcCarthys crapperon scalping, massacres, executions, necrophilia, fannynibalism, every imaginable kind of human villainy, but his artistic vision reflects the net mystery of the unconscious and does not chip in itself to facile reduction. Symbolic images, whether interpreted or not, affect us. They represent living psychological energizings that we experience as feelings, emotions, judgments, and impulses toward action. McCarthys earlier work is much noteworthy for its lyrical style and long, commafree sentences.Critic St scour Frye wrote that, for more(prenominal) of us that artistry, his mastery of beauty in language, is the moreover compensating factor for the bleak and uncompromising serviceman he forces us to con bearing (2005, 16). neertheless in No Country for sometime(a) Men, the prose is clipped and minimalistic. The unconscious tends to turn up the music as required to poise the conscious attitude. Compensatory dreams may break repetitious or disturbing symptoms may get going more(prenominal) severe.Perhaps McCarthys style has interchanged because we wee missed the subtler messages of the collective unconscious, and it is commoveting more obviously prototypic in its self-regulatory es give voices. As if mirroring a quaternity, the pattern of psychic wholeness, No Country for Old Men contains quad major characters. The adorn, as character, presents the energy of the dark, infernal feminine. Llewelyn Moss, the hunter who becomes prey, embodies the im bestride masculine energy of the cuneus, a puer touch contaminated by a disconfirming m different complex. Anton Chigurh, the psycho runningic killer, personifies evil in its human and god-like dimensions.The psychological protagonist, Sheriff Ed Tom campana, is a senex approach pattern with despotic and disconfirming attributes who struggles against his stimulate character to assimilate his swarthiness and to individuate toward the uprise masculine. Each represents an autonomous complex at work inside the collective psyche. Complexes are let on-off parts of the personality or culture that be restrain like independent Maggie Bortz, Telos in No Country for Old Men and The Road 31 beings ( Jung 1937/1969, CW 8, 253). The ultimate center of the quaternity in this cultural dream remains ambiguous. Jung thought that the automatic eneration of intravenous feeding images, whether consciously or in dreams and fantasies, give the axe indicate the egos condenser to assimilate unconscious material. plainly they may also be essentially apotropaic, an attempt by the psyche to prevent itself from disintegrating (Sharp 1991, 111). both possibilities, shape up growing and collective psychosis, must be entertained in hit the sackledge the work. The interpretation of a dream very much begins with a careful consideration of the setting. No Country for Old Men unfolds in 1980 in the wild, scrubby border gets of South Texas and Mexico.The grace is a raw, barren land of sit desert plain, lava scree, red dirt, and creosote, sparsely inhabit by Mojave rattlesnakes, scorpions, and birds of prey. The image of the border itself suggests an risky and volatile place between twain instaurations where the usual rules do not apply, a sort of psychol ogical no-mans-land where awareness and unconscious meet. Borders are the domain of the archetypal Trickster, who incites psychic change through creative and injurious interventions that disturb the realised psychological order.The archetypal feminine is always a silent, advocatorful, incubation mien in McCarthys work. In his novels, anima or soul is sometimes delineate by animals, feral creatures who need human protection, like the pregnant animal that baton light upons trapped at the beginning of The crossbreeding (1999b). Sometimes, and usually briefly, followed by tragic consequences, the anima is intercommunicate onto young women in McCarthys novels. completely if the chthonic feminine, as decorate painting, is always present in his novels, both as a primitive force of character and as a deep unconscious psychological dynamic in the characters psyches.Anima figures fare attr supple poorly in McCarthys work. wand must kill the be jazzd wolf in The Crossing to sav e her from a slow, agonizing last in a dog pit, where she has become the main act in a blood frolic that entertains older men. In The Road, anima as landscape has been killed off goodly the chthonic feminine is a fading memory, a charred and done for(p) relic. In No Country for Old Men, anima appears as landscape in prevision form High bloodweeds along the road. Wiregrass and sacahuista. Beyond in the stone arroyos the tracks of dragons.The raw leaning piles prated in the late insolate and to the east the shimmering abscissa of the desert plains under a sky where raincurtains hung dark as obscenity all along the quadrant. That god lives in silence who has scoured the following land with salt and ash. (McCarthy 2005, 45) The dark feminine landscape in No Country for Old Men mirrors the alchemical physical work on of calcinatio and its products salt, a metaphor for bitterness or wisdom, and pornography and ash, the residue of fire. The calcinatio is performed on the primi tive swarthiness side, which harbors hungry, instinctual desirousness and is contaminated with the unconscious.The fire for the process comes from the foiling of these instinctual desires (Edinger 1994, 2122). 32 jung journal culture &038 psyche 54 / finalize 2011 The characters in No Country for Old Men are ambivalent about the landscape. Uncle Ellis tells the sheriff This untaught was hard on heap. notwithstanding they never seem to hold it to account. In a way that seems peculiar. That they didnt . . . How come pack dont feel like this untaught has got a lot to answer for? They dont. You can say that the country is just the country, it dont actively do nothing, but that dont mean much . . This country testament kill you in a heartbeat and nonetheless people love it. (McCarthy 2005, 271) On one hand, the landscape represents a terrible archetypal m an other(prenominal), the surrealistic screen back solid ground of a burgeoning medicine war, which is itself the continu ation of many barbaric historical slaughters. In other respects, the characters identify positively with the landscape. She still nurtures concord to her increasely limited abilities. Moss can still find antelope in her deep internal space and a river saves him from certain end early in the book.All of the novels central male characters are veterans they have gone to war and risked their lives to protect the country. The power of the landscape, however, is muted in No Country for Old Men as debate to McCarthys earlier westernern novels. plain the moon, the symbol of feminine consciousness, is disfigured. It is as though mans relentless dominance, his revenant conquests, savagery, and ever forward progress have effectively depotentiated the chthonic feminine, and she has regressed more profoundly into the unconscious.Behind the mask of our technological society lurks a negative mother complex, a dissociation from and opposition to the feminine principle. Complexes are not ou rs to eliminate. On the contrary, they comm completely persist beyond the life of the individual and perpetuate themselves crossways generations. According to Jung, A complex can be really overcome only if it is lived out to the full . . . If we are to develop further we have to unravel to us and drink trim down to the very settlings what . . . we have held at a withdrawnness (1954/1968, CW 9i, 184).Unconsciously living out this collective negative mother complex is a flagitious and precarious proposition it means devour the natural greetledge base and each other in the process. The second major character, Llewelyn Moss, a welder and Viet Nam veteran, is hunting antelope in the desert when he stumbles across the surreal, slaughterhouse crack of a failed drug deal. Moss finds a case of money, a load of chockin, and one decease Hispanic man pleading for wet. He takes the money, but his conscience nags him and he comes back to the scene that night with a jug of water for t he dying man.His belated act of compassionateness commences the novels apparent(prenominal) pilgrimage Moss runs with the money, pursued by Anton Chigurh, a concern hoard of drug dealers, and Sheriff bell. Classical Jungian theory links both the puer and the hero to the Great Mother the puer via regressive attachment, the hero via opposition. pile Hillman argued, however, that whereas the hero is always terminal height up in a contend with the mother, the puer smelling is defined in relationship to the find and is not despairing in the unsulliedal brain. Maggie Bortz, Telos in No Country for Old Men and The Road 33Puer consciousness is a masculine psychological energy representing, in alchemical cost, a freshly spirit born of an old spirit (2005, 117). Hillman contended that whereas the rising masculine ego might pattern itself in association with both archetype, an alchemical union of aforesaid(prenominal)s in the puer-senex archetype represents the requisite pat h of individuality toward the mature masculine. Moss initially seems to reflect qualities of the archetypal puer-like opportunist. handle other mythological puer figures, such as Icarus or campanaerophon,1 he does not blob his limitations and is more compromising than he realizes.During his offshoot come over with the drug dealers, Moss injures his feet by pass barefoot in the river gravel and indeed traversing the country in wet boots. A gunshot wound suffered during his beginning(a)-year-year encounter with Chigurh further lames him for the abbreviated duration of his life. The classic puer accidental injury to the foot suggests a calamitous weakness where this immature consciousness meets the world. erst Moss takes the money, however, his thoughts, feelings, and behaviors clearly pattern boy or uninitiated hero psychological energy.His heroic quest is about cashhis spirit is literalized in currency. Moss is skillful with weapons, which are draw in elaborate detail . Literary critic Jay Ellis astutely sight the technological fetishism with which McCarthy describes Moss preoccupation with weapons and tools To pre-adolescent (and increasingly, adolescent and older) male proofreaders still uncertain about their vulnerability and power in the world . . . the minutiae surrounding objects that undergo their user power in the world become all-important . . .Anything that can be added on to an already desirable object that will afford greater lethality, great speed, greater vision, or more information, fills in for what young men fear they lack. (2009, 138) Ellis famous that these powerful weapons and tools ultimately do puny for Moss he misses his opening shot at an antelope and is ultimately gunned down by drug dealers at a cheap hotel. Sheriff bell shape, in contrast, is dubious of sophisticated weaponry. Tools that comes into our hands comes into theirs too . . . Some of the old time sheriffs wouldnt even carry a firearm (McCarthy 2005, 62 63).Moss interactions with women betray an oblique hostility and adolescent insecurity. He uses sarcasm to dismiss and reject his young married woman. Moss mentions mother specifically double in the book, both times in relation to oddment, and appears to dialogue with her elsewhere. Shortly forwards he is murdered, Moss picks up a teenaged girl who is hitchhiking. The mother complex speaking through Moss tells the girl Most peoplell run from their own mother to get to hug terminal by the neck. They cant wait to see him (McCarthy 2005, 234).Moss swooning of his own limitations, of any transpersonal ideals, and of the insurmountable evil he both confronts and secretly carries at bottom him, costs him his own life the substantiating damage includes the deaths of his wife and the young hitchhiker. 34 jung journal culture &038 psyche 54 / glint 2011 At this stay in the senescence of our culture, McCarthy seems to say, the hero is as good as exsanguinous. Although Moss heroic floor entices the reader into the novel, as critic Jay Ellis (2009) has noted, this part of the novel collapses midway through with Moss death when Sheriff costs process emerges to dominate.This apparent literary dismissal of the heroic psychoneurosis may reflect its psychological positioning as a secondary pathology, as a symptom of failed initiation that masks a religious problem the missing divinity who offered a focus for spiritual things (Hillman 2005, 121). The deuce-ace major character, Anton Chigurh, psychopath and assassin, represents the most potent force in the collective psyche at this time. He is a complex, quasiarchetypal shadow figure, a paradoxical psychic presence who acts as the dynamist or catalyst in the larger psychological process of the novel.When the reader meets Chigurh, he is a prisoner in a keen, rural county jail. composition the nail deputy chats on the phone, Chigurh, in one fluid move, gets his manacled hands in front of his body and around th e nookys neck. After the grisly murder, Chigurh nonchalantly uses the bathroom, binds his injure wrists with tape and paper towels, and sits at the desk analyze the dead man gaping up from the floor (McCarthy 2005, 6). in that respect is no emotion in the scene beyond the aversion it evokes in the reader. The motif of the murdered jailor has appeared elsewhere in McCarthys work.Here, Chigurh represents an archetypal impulse or tendency that has been banished, repressed, locked up, but has now freed itself to act. Chigurh, unlike Moss, is not incite by money. When he eventually recovers the satchel of stolen cash, he returns it. Killing people is Chigurhs art. The world is his abattoir. He is the quintessential bounty hunter, a contemporary iteration of the scalp hunters in Blood Meridian. He prefers to dispatch his victims (and to open doors) with a cattlegun. Other people become objects or livestock to him, and in this way, he prefigures the cannibals in The Road.Anton Chigur h seems to embody shadow qualities mightily be lust to the personal unconscious of the other characters, as though the archetypal split between the contaminated puer and ineffectual senex created a psychological void that he is obligated, through some inscrutable psychological rule, to fill. In some respects, he is like a photographic negative of Moss. He even mirrors Moss limp, sustaining a leg injury plot of land inflicting one. When Chigurh is injured in a car crash late in the book, he buys a boys tog to make a sling for his broken arm, mirroring Moss earlier purchase of a boys coat on the Mexican border.Chigurh certainly needs no tending from anyone. Women who spend too much time around Chigurh, like those who become tough with Moss, wind up dead. An aura of the negative hero seems to radiate around him. At the same time, Chigurh seems to carry some qualities of the negative senex that seem related to Sheriff ships bell. As a senex figure, price represents, among other th ings, Maggie Bortz, Telos in No Country for Old Men and The Road 35 justice, law, and the process whereby these concepts are enforce in human affairs through the sometimes arbitrary power of an established order.Within an individual psyche, these ordering and moral dutys are often associated with the senex archetype, and, inevitably, a murky shadow accompanies them. A morality based on senexconsciousness will always be dubious. No matter what strict code of good purity it asserts, in the execution of its steep principles in that location will be a balancing loathsome horror not far away (Hillman 2005, 260). (The first line of the book suggests as much I sent one boy to the gaschamber at Huntsville McCarthy 2005, 3. Like a dark construction of the senex compulsion for law, order, and measurement, Chigurh is a man of severe principles principles that transcend money or drugs or anything like that (153). As Moss wife begs for her life, Chigurh shakes his head. Youre asking that I make myself vulnerable and that I can never do. I have only one way to live and it doesnt allow for special cases (259). Anton Chigurh serves as a vehicle of unconscious projection for the reader. His sadistic acts and complete horny detachment inspire terror. This character, so indefinably foreign, o marginally human, does not seem like one of us, but he is an plus psychological truth that belongs to our culture. He represents something we should know about ourselves that remains unconscious, like a not yet understood dream. While Chigurhs vulnerability to physical injury suggests a human shadow figure, his disappearance acts, miraculous escapes, and his association with fate add up him a supernatural aura that suggests the archetypal shadow. By the end of the novel, bell shape comes to guess that Satan explains a lot of things that otherwise dont have no explanation (McCarthy 2005, 218).Chigurh himself confesses that he has found it useful to model himself by and by God (257). For our culture at this time, we might say Chigurh is God, the dark God with child(p) more human, closer to consciousness. Chigurh resembles the God-image Jung discovered in the prevail of Job. Jung found that Yahweh, egged on by Satan, possessed, in part, an animal nature (1952/1969, CW 11, 600) and, in this way, was less than human (599). Like Yahweh, Chigurh is vicious of murder, bodily injury with premeditation, and denial of a fair trial (581).For Jung, Yahwehs cruelty to Job is further exacerbated by the fact that Yahweh displays no compunction, remorse, or compassion, but only ruthlessness and brutality (581) we find the same betoken heartlessness, fed by the unconscious, in Chigurh. Chigurh shares another trait with Yahweh Nowhere does he come up against an insuperable barrier that would force him to hesitate and hence make him reflect on himself (579). In Jungs view, the christ symbol represents only an intercede stage in a process of divine development in w hich God effectively dissociated from his own dark side.Identification with the all good, loving aspects of the divinity is bound 36 jung journal culture &038 psyche 54 / fall 2011 to lead to a dangerous accumulation of evil (1952/1969, CW 11, 653). Anton Chigurh symbolizes that magnetic, reasonless pull to incarnate Gods darkness, the ultimate source of evil, its absolute understructure (Stein 1995, 144). Chigurh slays the cultural hero and provokes gongs psychological development he is the dynamic agent, the terrorist, and instigator of Bells emergent connection to the unconscious. The realization of the self as an autonomous psychic factor is often stimulated by the irruption of content over which the ego has no guarantee (Sharp 1991, 120). The irruption of contents like this can destroy the ego. In his Trickster role, Chigurh is not unlike Satan in the Book of Job or the serpent in the Garden of Eden. Evil serves a psychological function. The stirring up of interlocking i s a Luciferian virtue in the true smell of the word. Conflict engenders fire, the fire of affects and emotions, and like every other fire it has two aspects, that of blaze and that of creating light ( Jung 1954/1968, CW 9i, 179).The conscious attitude determines whether the conflict is ultimately illuminating or destructive we either evolve from our mistakes or we unconsciously dig deeper into our accustomed defenses. Sheriff Bell, a country lawman approaching sixty, is the novels psychological protagonist. As a senex figure, Bell seems to represent, at least in part, the hidebound function of the archetype, the fastness of our habits (Hillman 2005, 48), the principle of long-lived survival through order (284). mental movement, once incited by Chigurh, depends entirely on Bells inner process.Paradoxically, the path of psychic evolution begins with the senex in a process of disintegration. The novel takes its title from the first line of W. B. Yeats most celebrated poem, coast to Byzantium, which contrasts the material world with the transcendent world of art from the viewpoint of an aged man. It urges a belated attention to ones soul. To the extent that art is an aperture to the collective unconscious, the move to Byzantium implies an intrapsychic movement from the ego toward the Self.Critic John Vanderheide has observed that the renunciation of the physical world verbalized in Sailing to Byzantium and No Country for Old Men is forced on the narrator by old age and approaching death, conditions he is powerless to change (2005). Consume my heart away put with desire And fastened to a dying animal It knows not what it is and gather me Into the dodge of eternity (Yeats 1926/1952, 490, stanza III, ll. 2124) This entangle sense of mortality, hopelessness, and limitation is often the cue that ignites the process of individuation.The collective unconscious calls aged men whether they will respond and how is another matter entirely, but this painful territ ory is no country for young men. Maggie Bortz, Telos in No Country for Old Men and The Road 37 As senex figure, Bell is the ostensible boundary keeper of the cultural psyche, but he is flooded with content that he cannot repress. Bafflement pervades his monologues. He longs for times agone when the world made more sense to him, but Bells nostalgia is more than a regressive symptom, it implies a breakup of halves, a missing conjunction (Hillman 2005, 182).Bell carries notability qualities of the positive senex. His most authentic self is related to others. He sees himself as a shepherd to the people assigned to his care. Ive thought about why it was that I valued to be a lawman. There was always some part of me that wanted people to listen to what I had to say. But on that point was a part of me too that just wanted to pull everybody in the boat (McCarthy 2005, 296). His psyche is anchored in an imago of the positive feminine in the form of his anima figure, his wife of thirtyone long time, Loretta.The escalating violence, his inability to contain it, and the imperatives of his own interior process force Bell to psychoanalyse the psychological orientation that has guided his life. Bell confronts his own provisional life, an adulthood founded on a lie. As a young soldier in France during World struggle II, he fought bravely, but in the seem of overwhelming odds and certain death, fled the theatre of operations and his dead companions. He was awarded a bronze Star for his service, an honor he seek to refuse. His election as county sheriff followed from this heroic misidentification.Bell confesses this explanation to his Uncle Ellis, an elderly lawman disabled in the line of duty, late in the book. I didnt know you could steal your own life, he says (McCarthy 2005, 278). Bell concludes that his history resur lookings because sometimes people would kinda have a bad answer about things than no answer at all (282). Bell endures the part of the alchemical p rocess associated with the death and decay of the old substance, the old way of being in the world. He experiences his growing edge of consciousness as a defeat.Bell makes a final break with the unauthentic hero and our cultures idea of what it means to be a man he quits in the nerve center of the hunt. His decision to retire reflects an understanding of his own limitations and is guided by a deeper psychic injunction. I always k parvenu that you had to be willin to die to even do this job. That was always true. . . . If you aint theyll know it in a heartbeat. I recollect it is more like what you are willin to become. And I think that a man would have to put his soul at hazard. And I wont do that. I think now that maybe I never would. (McCarthy 2005, 4)Bell begins to acquiesce to and participate in his interior process, going back through his memories, stipendiary attention to his dreams, engaging in active imagination. He ponders the memory of an image he encountered on the bat tlefield in France, a stone water trough forge to last ten thousand years (307). A trough contains water, a symbol of the unconscious, possibly the personal unconscious, but perhaps the collective one. The trough symbolizes a way of understanding content arising from the unconscious and resonates as a religious symbol. For Jung, 38 jung journal culture &038 psyche 54 / fall 2011 an had the need for a entangle connection to something larger than his ego deeply embedded into the fabric of his being, but man lost(p) his sense of larger meat and purpose somewhere amid the horrors and upheavals of the twentieth century. Jung believed that the recent-day collective failure to channel this instinct, to carve another indestructible stone trough, was both symptom and root cause of our collective dissociation. Bell rejects the notion of carving a trough himself it must be a collective enterprise, and no new myth has yet emerged to replace the dying God-image of our culture.Bells only child, a daughter, died as an baby thirty years before the story begins. Childlessness is associated with the negative senex. When the senex has lost its child . . . A dying complex infects all psychic life (Hillman 2005, 263). Late in the book, Bell confides to the reader that for many years he has dialogued with this dead infant daughter (McCarthy 2005, 285). In Jungian theory, that imaginary child would be considered a psychic reality. The novels ultimate gist resides in two dreams about his dead incur.In the first dream, he give me some money and I think I lost it (McCarthy 2005, 309). His male parent imparted something of great value to him for safekeeping, but he misplaced it, perhaps irretrievably. The second dream is a powerful reiteration of the first and evokes Jungs famous dream of carrying a small light in the cloudiness (Jung 1961/1965, 88). The setting is a frozen, snowy night in a remote mountain pass. Bell and his paternity ride ahorseback. It was like we was both back in older times and I was on horseback goin through this pass in the mountains.It was cold and there was snow on the ground and he rode past me and kept on goin. Never said nothing. He just rode on past and he had this mantlepiece wrapped around him and his head down and when he rode past I seen he was carryin fire in a horn the way people used to do and I could see the horn from the light inside of it. About the color of the moon. And in the dream I knew that he was goin on ahead and that he was fixin to make a fire somewhere out there in all that dark and all that cold and I knew that whenever I got there he would be there. (McCarthy 2005, 309)Although the dream can be viewed as regressive, in that it invokes Bells childhood relationship and a longing to live out an old, well(p) myth that has become irrelevant in the modern world, it clearly carries teleological implications. Bell goes forward into the dark night, into the unknown, toward death. He and his contract rid e horses, numinous animals in McCarthys work that suggest connection to anima or soul. Horses also represent an older and an arguably more connected way of miserable through the world. Bells scram carries fire, a symbol for the light of consciousness or spirit, in a horn, a Gnostic symbol of maturity. The horn is a dual symbol from one point of view it is penetrating in shape and therefore active and masculine in significance and from the other it is shaped like a receptacle, which is feminine in center (Cirlot 1962/1971, 151). While the image of the horn may suggest a new hieros gamos, a union of masculine and feminine energy, the dead father carries it, not the dream ego Maggie Bortz, Telos in No Country for Old Men and The Road 39 itself. Bells passivity in the dream seems problematic. On the other hand, it is conceivable that Bells lack of agency is an propitious sign. In the absence of ego and into its vacancy an imaginal stream can flow, providing mythical solutions betwee n the senexpuer contradictions (Hillman 2005, 66). Bells own father aspects are deeply unconscious he has no living children and, in this respect, has lost his fathers inheritance, a future presence in the chain of life. Paradoxically, behind Bells senex mask we find a son looking for the father within. As in most of McCarthys books, the missing psychic presence is the father there is never a paucity of symbolically fatherless boys in his work.However, in this novel, the puer appears in the form of Bell as an old man. Bells unconscious frames its message in terms of a reunion and recalibration of the father and the son, as though directly addressing the split masculine archetype that appears to block the evolution of our culture. This split gives us . . . the search of the son for his father and the longing of the father for his son, which is the search and longing for ones own meaning (Hillman 2005, 61). The dream image suggests a path of capableness healing, a union of sames in this split archetype, and might represent the nascent emergence of a new myth.In the end, the dreams telos remains hauntingly ambiguous. We are only at the beginning of a process. In the face of such pervasive and unbridled evil and unconsciousness, one mans individuation seems like a very small thing, a very small thing that requires much effort, attention, devotion, and suffering. The last line of the book immediately follows the second dream therefore I woke up (McCarthy 2005, 309). Waking up, increasing consciousness, is the entire point. And thus the novel ends on a slender strand of hope.We must dream this dream on, in the Jungian tradition, and look toward the next dream for further clarification. McCarthys post-apocalyptic novel, The Road, is properly understood as a psychological progression of No Country for Old Men. In The Road, McCarthy resolves the ambiguity of the quaternity image presented in No Country for Old Men. It becomes clear that the imagery portends a colle ctive psychosis and, at the same time, the possibility that some individuals may be ready to assimilate unconscious content. In The Road, the chthonic feminine as landscape has een killed off entirely in an unsung catastrophe marked only by a long shear of light and then a series of low concussions (McCarthy 2006, 45). Given McCarthys long preoccupation with mans proclivity toward evil, the divine revelation was likely manmade perhaps an all-out nuclear war. There are few survivors. elaboration itself is a fading memory. A unsung father and son wander the baked landscape, the cauterized terrain, hoping to scavenge teeming canned viands to survive while evading roving bands of cannibals (12). The boys mother has committed suicide in despair. 40 jung journal culture &038 psyche 54 / fall 2011McCarthy seems to suggest that the feminine will be eradicated from the picture entirely, the negative mother complex played out to its inevitable mop up in mans escalating shadow enactment s before work on the perfect problem can begin in what is left of humanity. As Anton Chigurh says, ones path through the world rarely changes and even more seldom will it change abruptly (McCarthy 2005, 259). Despite the horrors, a new symbol, the image of a divine child, an elaboration of the dream imagery of No Country for Old Men, does emerge out of the ruin and ashes of The Road.This symbol arises from the ground of harmful loss. The end of the via longissima is the child. But the child begins in the realm of Saturn, in lead or rock, ashes or blackness, and it is there the child is realized. It is change to life in a bath of cinders, for only when a problem is finally worn to nothing, gagad and dry can it reveal a wholly unforeseen essence. Out of the darkest, coldest, most remote burned-out out state of the complex the genus Phoenix rises. Petra genetrix out of the stone a child is born. (Hillman 2005, 64)In The Road, the father and son are each others world entire (McC arthy 2006, 5), representing a union of sames in the masculine archetype and, possibly, the beginning of a new cultural myth. The nameless father in The Road struggles to evoke the forms. Where youve nothing else construct ceremonies out of the air and breathe upon them (63). He views his son as a divine being. As he is dying, the father sees his son standing there in the road looking back at him from some unimaginable future, glowing in that waste like a tabernacle (230). remote Jesus, this son is not sacrificed back to the father. In the puer is a father drivenot to find him, reconcile with him, be love and receive a blessing, but rather to transcend the father which act redeems the fathers limitations (Hillman 2005, 161). The fathers job is to initiate the son before he dies to provide a sense of meaning that makes existence tolerable. In The Road, individual meaning is symbolized in the sons dedicated responsibility to carry the light of consciousness, the only thing of value in a post-apocalyptic world, into the overwhelming darkness that confronts him. This fragile possibility, however, resides in the individual, not within a culture or group.Critic Kenneth Lincoln saw McCarthys novels as lamentational canticles of warning, not directives (2009, 2). Part of Bells function is prophetic he hints at where were headed (McCarthy 2005, 303). I know as certain as death that there aint nothin short of the second comin of Christ that can slow this train (159). McCarthy is first and foremost a storyteller. He is not an activist and does not make normative statements, and it is a mistake to read him that way. The finesse man in The Crossing explains the function of storytellers. He said that they had no desire to entertain him nor yet even to see him.He said that it was their whole bent only to tell what was true and that otherwise they had no purpose at all (McCarthy 1999b, 284). I imagine that McCarthy shares the blind mans views and also those of Jung, who in writing about art Maggie Bortz, Telos in No Country for Old Men and The Road 41 underscored the fundamental depth psychological article of belief that a dream never says you ought or this is the truth. It presents an image in much the same way as nature allows a plant to grow, and it is up to us to draw conclusions (1930/1966, CW 15, 161).Those of us who are conscious enough to draw conclusions from this work must do so now and prepare ourselves as best we can for the dark new world to come. endnote 1. Bellerophon, son of the King of Corinth, was the hero of Greek mythology who killed the Chimera. Bellerophon, inflated by his triumph, felt entitled to join the gods on rebel Olympus and attempted to fly there on the winged horse, Pegasus. His presumption offended Zeus, who orchestrate the heros dismount. Bellerophon plummeted to earth, crippled in the fall. note References to The Collected Works of C. G. Jung are cited in the text as CW, rule book number, and paragraph number .The Collected Works are published in English by Routledge (UK) and Princeton University Press (USA). bibliography Bloom, Harold. 2009. Blooms modern critical views Cormac McCarthy. in the raw York Infobase Publishing. Cirlot, Juan Eduardo. 1962/1971. A dictionary of symbols. Trans. Jack Sage. unseasoned York Philosophical Library. Edinger, Edward F. 1994. underframe of the psyche Alchemical symbolism in psychotherapy. Chicago Open Court. Ellis, Jay. 2009. Fetish and collapse in No country for old men. In Blooms modern critical views Cormac McCarthy, ed. Harold Bloom, 133170. tonic York Infobase Publishing. Frye, Steven. 2005.Yeats Sailing to Byzantium and McCarthys No country for old men Art and artifice in the new novel. The Cormac McCarthy Journal, 5, 1 1420. Henderson, Joseph. 2005. Thresholds of initiation. Wilmette, IL Chiron Publications. Hillman, James. 2005. Senex and puer. Putnam, CT Spring. Jung, C. G. 1930/1966. Psychology and literature. The spirit in man, art, and literature. CW 15. . 1937/1969. mental factors determining human behavior. The structure and kinetics of the psyche. CW 8. . 1951/1968. The syzygy Anima and animus. Aion. CW 9ii. . 1952/1969. Answer to Job. Psychology and religion West and East.CW 11. . 1954/1968. Psychological aspects of the mother archetype. The archetypes and the collective unconscious. CW 9i. . 1957/1970. The undiscovered self (present and future). Civilization in transition. CW 10. . 1961/1965. Memories, dreams, reflections. put down and ed. by Aniela Jaffe. Trans. Richard and Clara Winston. New York Vintage Books. Lincoln, Kenneth. 2009. Cormac McCarthy American canticles. New York Palgrave Macmillan. McCarthy, Cormac. 1985. Blood meridian Or the evening redness in the west. New York Random House. 42 jung journal culture &038 psyche 54 / fall 2011 McCarthy, Cormac. 1999a.All the pretty horses. New York Alfred A. Knopf. . 1999b. The crossing. New York Alfred A. Knopf. . 2005. No country for old men. New Yo rk Alfred A. Knopf. . 2006. The road. New York Alfred A. Knopf. No country for old men. 2007. Screenplay by Ethan Coen and Joel Coen. Based on the novel by Cormac McCarthy, No country for old men, New York Alfred A. Knopf, 2005. Directed by Ethan Coen and Joel Coen. Pauli, Wolfgang, and C. G. Jung. 1992/2001. Atom and archetype The Pauli/Jung letters, 1932 1958. Eds. Carl Alfred Meier, Charles Paul Enz, and Markus Fierz. Trans. David Roscoe. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press.Philipson, Morris. 1992. Outline of Jungian aesthetics. In Jungian literary criticism, ed. Richard Sugg, 214227. Evanston, IL Northwestern University Press. Sharp, Daryl. 1991. C. G. Jung lexicon A primer of terms and concepts. Toronto Inner City Books. Stein, Murray. 1995. Jung on evil. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press. Vanderheide, John. 2005. Varieties of renunciation in the works of Cormac McCarthy. The Cormac McCarthy Journal, 5, 1 3035. Voice of America. 2008. Cormac McCarthy and Thomas McGu ane spare stories set in the American west. Interviewed by B. Klein and S. Ember. Radio broadcast (February 11), voanews. om (accessed October 27, 2009). Yeats, William Butler. 1926/1952. Sailing to Byzantium. In Immortal poems of the English language, ed. Oscar Williams, 490. New York majuscule Square Press. maggie bortz earned an M. A. in advise Psychology with an emphasis in foresight Psychology from Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, California, and an M. J. in news media from the University of California, Berkeley, Graduate School of Journalism. She is a serve Mental Health Professional (QMHP) working toward licensure as a Licensed conjugal union and Family Therapist (LMFT) at the Center for Family tuition in Eugene, Oregon.She plans to open a undercover counseling practice in Portland in 2012. Correspondence 5873 SW Terwilliger Blvd. , Portland, OR 97239. generalization This alchemical hermeneutical study analyzes Cormac McCarthys novels No Country for Old Me n and The Road as cultural dreams using Jungian and post-Jungian theory. McCarthys work elucidates the archetypal process of individuation toward the mature masculine in our time. Following McCarthys imagery and James Hillmans work, I focus on the split in the senex-puer archetype that structures the masculine psyche as the ultimate psychological site of our cultural dissociation.I also control the teleological implications in the novel regarding the evolution of the God-image, which reflects mans understanding of the impersonal psyche, as well as the nature and psychological function of human evil. mention words alchemy, archetypal psychology, chthonic feminine, Coen brothers, cultural psychology, dream interpretation, Jungian interpretation of literature, landscape, literature as cultural dreaming, masculine archetypes, Cormac McCarthy, mechanization, No Country for Old Men, puer, The Road, senex, symbol Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction n ix without permission.