Has the Criminal Justice Act 2003 effectively removed the rule against Essay

Has the iniquitous Justice achievement 2003 effectively removed the rule against the admission of hearsay evidence - Essay ExampleDiscussion The Criminal Justice Act 2003 states, as a general rule, that hearsay in allowable. Section 114 (1) states that in criminal proceedings a statement not made in oral in evidence is admissible as evidence of any matter stated if, but only if, then it goes on to outline 4 different exceptions.1 One exception is for when any provision, whether in this chapter or in any other(a) rule makes the statement admissible.2 Another exception is when any rule of law preserved by section 118 makes it admissible.3 The other exception is when the parties agree to the admissibility of the statement.4 The fourth and final exception is when the cost is satisfied that it is in the best reside of justice for it to be admissible.5 Further, the Act carves out exceptions for when a run into is out of stock(predicate). In this case, hearsay is admissible if the statement that the inaccessible come across would give would be deemed admissible as evidence6 the mortal who made the statement has been identified to the satisfaction of the court7 and that the witness is unavailable according to atomic number 23 different criteria.8 The criteria are that the witness must either be dead, unfit, outside the UK, cannot be found, or is in fear.9 More problematic are the categories that state that a judge can use his or her judgement in deciding whether to admit the statement, and when the witness is unavailable. When the witness is unavailable, then the defendant cannot cross-examine the witness. This would be fundamentally partial to the defendant. A prosecutor should make every effort to bring witnesses into court so that he or she whitethorn be cross-examined, and the statutory provisions that are used for determining whether a witness is unavailable seem in like manner broad. One of the provisions states that a witness may be unavailable because of fear. frightin this case may either be fear for that persons life or another persons life, or it may be fear of financial loss. It seems that it would be too simple for a witness to use this excuse. Most witnesses have jobs, and these jobs are not always perceptiveness about having to take off of word to testify. Therefore, the witness can state that he or she is unavailable because of fear of financial loss, and then that witness statement can be introduced as evidence against the defendant, without the defendant being able to cross-examine. This rule seems to be weighted in favor of the prosecution, because it seems that virtually any witness can be unavailable under this particular section of the Criminal Justice Act 2003. Further, if the witness cannot be on the stand because the trial occurs on a workday, and that person could be fired, then it should be the prosecutors responsibility to have secured the statement, through a deposition, on a date that was satisfa ctory for the witness. This exception does not put the responsibility on the prosecutor to secure the statement, so this is another flaw. Moreover, although the court has guidelines as to when it can accept a statement under these conditions, these guidelines are rather vague. The judge may accept the statement if the statement should be admitted in the interests of justice,

Women's Studies. Claiming Feminism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wo manpowers Studies. Claiming Feminism - Essay Example arranged and intellectual study and discussions of gender inequalities allows students to become aw be of the injustices in the world towards women and to work and make apparent motion towards changing unhealthy dynamics in any situation. Feminism Feminism is support and encouragement of women near on the basis of political, social and financial equality to men (Heywood, 34). Feminism is a belief that women and men are equal. To support this belief a movement started. In history feminism came into existence collect to inequality between the two genders. Nowadays Feminists activist work towards area like domestic violence, courageous marriage, equal pay, equal rights, sexual harassment, discrimination and reproductive. When I think of feminism premier(prenominal) thing that comes to my forefront is a woman with a broom. It is simply because a woman is associated as being a theatre wife. Her main responsibility is to look a fter the house and children. In third world countries this idea as yet prevails. A woman is still not free in her decisions about her life. What she wants is either decided by her elders or her husband. There are countries where women are not allowed to drive. They cannot travel without their male partner. History In 1800 women had very(prenominal) little control over their lives. Even the rich women had limited authority in domestic life. They had no property rights, political rights or financial independence. Higher education was not accessible to women. Lower family women worked hard alongside men. Lower class women faced same social and legal restrictions. The awakening started in the 1790 which emphasized emotion experience over a certain belief or view. It allowed women more opportunities outback(a) home. The First Wave of feminism started from early 19th century up till the year 1921. The first off ripple started in abolitionist movement. Feminism movement was aligned w ith anti salivary and anti racial discrimination movements. As the civil war ended the right to vote or suffrage was granted to creator slaves but not to women. Many women who were part of feminist movement left their coalition with anti-racism movement. In the sign stage the aim was to support a wide range of rights for women. But with time the first wave of feminism movement narrowed its focus on the goal of achieving womens right to vote. The first college that enrolled first 15 women in higher education wasOberlin Collegein Oberlin. In 1948 the feminist movement started at Seneca Falls convention. It was the first womens rights convention. It was organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, with others. It all started in June 1840 at World Anti-Slavery Convention. The Convention was held in London. The popular point of view at that time was that women are not capable of speaking in public. The case that was discussed was not slavery as planned but rather it was wh ether women are capable of leadership.. The conclusion was that women are not fit for public speaking. Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were sent away from convention. Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton went out angrily from the convention. There were many achievements make by First Wave Feminist. In 1954 Florence Nightingale established female nurses with the military. In 1860 Suffragists New York passed the hook up with Womens Property Act. The bill allowed women to inherit property, share custody of children and control over their wages and wills. In 1916 Margaret Sanger opened first birth control clinic in the U.S. She was giving reproductive rights to women. The clinic had all-female staff. These actions led to her arrest. In 1918 marry Love was published by Marie Stopes. Book was about womens sexual desires (Jutte, 165). The book got very noted at that time. The right to vote was

Contrasting learning and intellectual disabilities Essay

Contrasting instruction and intellectual disabilities - Essay ExampleStudents with learning disabilities need choice learning methods, in a manner similar to a student who needs glasses to notice (Hallahan, 2011). They require help, and with it they work as much as their peers. Intellectual disabilities, on the other hand, atomic number 18 those that step-down the cognitive skill of the student in a major way (Hallahan, 2011).Some of the similarities between students with learning disabilities and students with intellectual disabilities are that they have low expectations, are academically and socially unwary, lack of self drive, are poor in interpreting important things, poor family preparation for school and have gaps in engineering science access (Hallahan, 2011).What I would like to explore more about is how intellectual disabilities decrease the cognitive exhibit of a student and how a student might be helped to grow from this challenge. As I was conducting my study, I lea rned that intellectual disability is worse compared to learning disability therefore, it would be vital to find slipway to assist students whom this condition is

Why is the story called, The Yellow Wallpaper Essay

wherefore is the story called, The Yellow Wallpaper - Essay ExampleThe commonality between the two stories is that both of them carve up rough a hubbys suffocating grip on a womanhoods animateness. In these stories, a conserve has not been presented in a direct negative light quite an a husbands care and kindness for a wife ironically prove to be harmful for a wife. The irony lies in the fact that in a patriarchal society, no content how much a husband tries to be caring like the narrators husband in Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper, and kind like Mrs. Mallards husband in explanation of an Hour, they are the patriarchal annihilators of the womens independence. In her story Gilman shows that a womans perspective in patriarchy is rather detrimental to her psychological growth, though ironically the narrators husband mistakes such restriction for his wifes betterment. The narrators husband assumes that women were devoid of any intelligent capability. Therefore, he suggests that the protagonist refrains himself from any type intellectual and outdoor activities. In contradiction, the narrator strongly feels that liaison in outdoor activities may improve her condition. The protagonist thinks that her betterment lies in roundthing else than a restricted situation, I sometimes fancy that in my condition if I had less opposition and more society and foreplaybut John says the very worst thing I can do is think about my condition, and I confess it always makes me feel bad. So I will let it alone and whistle about the base (Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper). Gilman refers to the fact that womens confinement within the four walls of their husbands house hampers their normal psychological growth. In the story, the narrator often refers to the suppressing presence of her husband in her life. At some point, referring to the seriousness of her condition she says, If a physician of high standing, and ones own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depressiona slight psychoneurotic tendencywhat is one to do? (Gilman). Here Gilman refers to the patriarchal constructs of the word, husband. For her, ones own husband or husband is empowered with the authority of a physician of high standing who can obtain on the psychophysical condition of his wife. Gilman shows that the patriarchal term husband is as harmful for a wife as a physician, who is ignorant of his patients situation, is harmful to his patient. In her story, Chopin deals with the same story of a womans lack of freedom in a round-about way. In contradiction to others expectation Mrs. Mallard senses the jabber of complacent freedom hearing the news of her husbands death. She feels sad. But concurrently she also feels the self-satisfaction at her oncoming freedom, as the narrator describes Mrs. Mallards joy in the following style There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She di d not know it was too subtle and elusive to name (Chopin, figment of an Hour). At the news of Bentleys death, she feels the prospect of living a life of enormous freedom and joy. But since in patriarchy a woman is not accustomed to express herself freely, she fears even to grant the source of mirth and ecstasy. Though she was striving to beat it back with her will (Chopin, Story of an Hour), she fails to do so. Indeed it is her self-realization and her acknowledgement that the death of her husband and the prospect of living a free life are the sources of her ecstasies. But gradually before the unexpected

Journal writting ( refer to the attachment) Essay - 1

Journal writting ( refer to the attachment) - Essay ExampleThe reason for nerve-wracking to classify things and people is because we want to simplify things and reduce the task of processing teaching. Stereotypes atomic number 18 beliefs about the individual(prenominal) attributes of a group of people (Myers, 1999 p336) Stereotypes may be positive or negative, accurate or away (Jussim, McCauley & Lee, 1995).Stereotypes may be classified by their characteristics, appearance, activities, occupations, interests, and goals in their lives. Commenting on gender stereotypes (Iackman and Senter (1981) enumerate that people are stereotyped according to the ethnic background and nationality. For eg. Italians are amorous, British are cool and so onThey net also be grouped according to their race. Eg. African Americans can dance or Jews cant dance. They can be segregated even according to their occupation- for e.g Lecturers are intelligent but wanting minded or Accountants are boring. No human is perfect and as such are backlash to make errors in judgment. We also hold a lot of biases because we deliberately tend to adjust information to suit these biases.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy is a very famous saying that is 100% true. Both leisure and play are vital to a childs all round development. Both learning and development takes place only by play and therefore it is inevitable that a child is given time for that. According to the childrens hire of the United Nations The child shall not be admitted to custom before an appropriate age the child shall in no case be caused or permitted to engage in any occupation or employment which would prejudice their health or education, or interfere with their physical, mental or moral development (Principle 9) slice leisure provides an adult with an opportunity to boost his self esteem and self worth, play provides this platform for children. turn of events is

Topic 6-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Topic 6-2 - Essay ExampleThe website has place where users can register as members and create accounts.Monster.com is also an online mull over search and placement website accessible to all people searching for jobs on the internet. The website has spaces where job seekers fill the preferred job types, skills and city, country or zip code. Users can also channel-surf jobs by using companies, categories and industries and location. Similar to CareerBuilder the website has career resources where users can defend tips about salaries, benefits, interviews, education and skills, resume and motley resources among others. The website has a place for users to register as members and create accounts. Unlike the CareerBuilder, the Monster has mobile application that allows job seekers to access the website and related features. Contrary to the CareerBuilder, the Monster has no part where users can upload their resumes for potential employers to obtain finer

Personal Values Development Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Values Development Paper - Essay ExampleThe grandeur of making the reform decisions about association is tremendous. Many of us received childhood warnings from our parents about universe careful to avoid lendting mixed up with the wrong crowd. While we may have shrugged wrap up these admonitions as typical parental over-protectiveness, they were really on to something. Our values have been shaped mostly by these kinds of choices, and we are surprisingly dependent on the plurality and events in our lives for our moral compass. Like anything else, we learn right from wrong largely by observing how others behave and react within current situations, and the repercussions of those reactions. That is not to discount rate the effect of trial and error. To be sure, the extent to which our personal ethical guidelines are relaxed or stringent, well-defined or vague, is also the result of the repercussions we have incurred due to the choices we have made in our lives. Our val ue systems are largely the product of a confluence of the countless condemnations we have gotten burned or been rewarded, or seen others get burned or rewarded, based on our actions. However, learning by example is much easier and less tough than learning by trial and error. While this learning is likely to be revised over time as it adapted within ones workplace and elsewhere based on certain criteria and decision making factors, it remains the single most important basis and foundation for my ethical standards.Among the people who have most heavily influenced my value system are my spouse, my siblings, my parents, and my friends.

Language, Culture and Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Language, Culture and Communication - Essay ExampleIn both paintings, light is important in centeringing the attention on central and peripheral matter, obstetrical delivery them to prominence. The subjects ar both well-rounded women with dark hair and eyes, and their positions show the artist intended the viewer to focus on them. They both seem to be of similar age and both compositions are triangular. Their eyes are downcast and mouths are slightly pursed, representing different moods. Differences in technique and intent, with light coming from outside the paintings, contract motion to the pictures, creating light and dark. The complementary light and dark colours show the moods. Both wear fair and again light and shadow add texture to the clothing. Both seem to be thinking of make a decision, with Gabrielles being about what jewel to wear, and how she looks in the mirror, while the Brooding adult female has something more flagitious on her mind. From the way they are both sitting, the feeling comes across that they both trusted the artists who were painting them.The contrasts are more in the style of painting than the main subjects. Looking first at the women, their expressions of thoughtfulness grow the mood, but the differences lie in the intention of the painter. Gabrielle is comfortable, almost cosy, with a less important decision to take to task her, while the Brooding Woman has something heavy on her mind. She is more sad and lost, her shoulders sag, and their position can in addition be seen on the dog in the background. She is fully clothed, while Gabrielle is happy to be half-undressed. The Brooding Woman seems to be looking into herself for answers and Gabrielle looks outward towards her mirror. Symbolism is another contrast, because the background in Gaugins picture seems to have something to do with the womans state of mind, and her dejected body

Event management a report) Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Event management a ) - Lab Report ExampleThe event will mainly be focused on melodic elements of singing and dancing, as these atomic number 18 the main aspects which define euphony.Upcom Music Festival will be held at the Royal Festival Hall in London. The city of London has a large populations and has been hosting many music concerts and festival in the past (Quinn 2005). The Royal festival Hall is large message hall opened of sitting 2500 people who will be attending the festival. This presents a perfect location that will append an ambient environment for both the performers and audience. With a large number of other amenities like restaurants on hand(predicate) within the hall, other needs of the attendants will be catered for within the same location (Holmes 2011). The architectural convention of the hall has been formal to support musical performances and this provides the perfect location for hosting this music festival.The event will reduce place during the summer period in the month of July for a duration of four (4) days. This period presents a perfect time for many of the young individuals to be able to attend the festival as they watch the main target audience. The event will be conducted during the school holidays to ensure that the school going teenagers tolerate an opportunity to attend all the four days of the event if possible. This will ensure that the venue capacity becomes fully maximised through large attendance of the target individuals (Bowen & Daniels 2005). The event will be a chopine for showcasing music talent while providing entertainment to the attendants of the festival.The performances during the festival will be undertaken by some established musicians who will be invited by the event organiser. The key performances however, will be by the upcoming musicians who are the main target for the event as it seeks to promote musical talent (Burnard 2012). The festival will be aimed at achieving the following objectives.The music industry is one of

Art, Self, and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art, Self, and connection - Essay ExampleThe essay Art, Self, and Society discovers the wrapped Reichstag by Christo and Jean-Claude. Despite many challenges and rigorous process that someone has to go through in invigoration, there is always a glimmer of hope and success at the end. The artists went through in truth tormenting moments, release and patience so that they could have the permission of the fantan to wrap Reichstag. Therefore, every endeavor that one undertakes should be driven by the end rather than the means. Arguably, the wrapped Reichstag also sends a message that in life nothing is impossible. Even the bigger structural constructions, which are more than the size of Reichstag, could be completed when adequate to(predicate) resources are properly used. Therefore, no matter how big something might appear, still there is a disaster of doing it to completion. This can as well be seen among the people who came to see the Reichstag structure that amazed many of them overdue to its big size and structural composition. Moreover, the Reichstag is a symbol of democracy to the people of the society. The convening of the old parliament building leaves a sign that the past dictatorship acts were outdated, thus autocratic laws were no longer passed. Indeed, the fine art at the moment identified with several people who had fallen victims of the oppressive dictatorship rules. The wrapping of Reichstag becomes very symbolic since it is a clear sign that the dark ages of oppressive rules are over, and this marks the new graduation of political dispensation.

Criteria of American Rebels John Reed, Joseph Freeman, and Louis Research Paper

Criteria of American Rebels thaumaturgy reed, Joseph Freeman, and Louis Fischer Used in the History Evaluation - Research Paper ExampleThe developing stories of valet war I, the Mexican Revolution, and the Bolshevik Revolution show the various stages done which the world has evolved before accomplishing its status. Apparently, the universe has been through with(predicate) series of social, economic and political transformations for the longest time since the introduction of the industrial revolution followed by series of inventions and disc everyplaceies that arrive at shaped the world to what it is today (John Reeds Selected literary works 76-158). Many heap make the contributions of John Reed in the epitome of the Mexican Revolution as well as the happenings of World War I that have influenced international relationships between countries across the globe. Despite the raging debate over the contributions of World War and the infamous Mexican Revolution to the veritable status, it is important to recognize the views and opinions of the John Reed that have also illuminated understanding of many learners across the globe (John Reeds Selected Writings 76-158). In particular, Reed foc employ on the positive and negative aspects of the Mexican Revolution of 1911. He used unique criteria to create a clear and more comprehensible understanding of the Revolution, which has influenced the social, economic, and political dynamics of current Mexico as well as the neighborhood (Reed 63-78). The Americans (USA) did not understand the 1911 Mexico Revolution. However, the revolution found a buggy landing in short stories, silent films, and American novels. The novels have particularly displayed a comprehensive analysis of the stages through which the country went through before attaining political, social and economic independence. Today, the United States and Mexico share fundamental similarities, which have immensely helped the process of shaping up an unders tanding of the relations between the two countries. Stereotypes about Mexico dominate American films during the 20thcentury (Reed 63-78). The first criteria that John Reed used were to examine and analyze whether or not the people of Mexico engaged in the fierce fight for the sake of it or because they wanted things they could not afford through the alternative option.

The Goya Painting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Goya Painting - Essay ExampleThe move The Goya Painting explores the painting of Goya. Goya has brought more tending to the central figure whereas the other figures are crouched down and small. The last way that Goya brought attention to the central figure is through light and shadow. The use of light and shadow is actually important in that Goya used bright light to bring the central figure to the viewers attention while the other figures and the building are in shadow pushing them into the background. Light and shadow is also used to get the feeling or message of the painting across to the viewer. In this case, the gunmen are darker and touch-and-go looking because they are in the shadows more. The feeling is that the gunmen have a dark intent and the man in the light is innocent and does not deserve to be in the current circumstance and the light flip on the slaughtered gentleman also creates a feeling that the killing was unnecessary. I feel sad and frighten when view ing Goyas work because the paining gives me a feeling that any armed conflict between anyone is ugly and unnecessary. It is clear from this painting that Goya is against war, armed conflict, and, in particular, furiousness. Goya obviously does not care for violence and the death associated with violence the violence of war. This is clear by the feelings this paining portrays and by the depiction of the gunmen as apposed to those on the opposite side of the guns. The populate being shot at look distraught and innocent as show no occasion why they should be.

Information system security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Information scheme security - Research Paper ExampleThe later sections of the discussion highlighted the security types focusing on the encryption and decryption aspects. The findings from the study revealed that effective information security outline is crucial in damage of safeguarding the interests of an organization and ensuring its competitiveness and sustainability in the present competitive market scenario. It was ascertained that while creating ISS, it is crucial to consider the scourge aspects so as to ensure the reliable and secure information system.Information Security System (InfoSec), in technological terms can be describe as an interconnected security based system which specifically aims towards safeguarding the crucial digitized form of information from being unauthorized accessed by type of unreliable man-made lake or individual1. Such type of unreliable access might significantly hamper the stored digitized data in term of disclosure, modification, crashing or even disrupting it2. This concept of Information Security System put one over gained significant amount of preference within the past few years3.This is mostly because of the changing pattern of selling trend and the competition level industries are becoming more and more concerned regarding confinement of their organisational information to prevent the competitors from imitating it. Adding to that, due to the digitization and ecommerce related concepts, majority of the organizational based information are transformed into digitized form for effective storage and evaluation, which further increases the chances of online security issue occurrences4.As a result, closely all organizations in the present scenario are establishing own security domains. The prime intention is to preserve the right as well as the information privacy factor. All these have gradually contributed in terms of bringing about

Apple I-tunes Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

apple I-tunes - Case national ExampleSurveys have proven that over the years the demand for digital medication has increased by manifolds. Apple iTunes market place entry strategy into the UK is much likely to succeed if carried out with much more concentration on customer satis situationion and value creation fronts while at the same condemnation focusing on a market penetration pricing strategy coupled with incremental development strategies in niche market centric operations (www.apple/tunes.com).Apple i-tunes digital medicine company is in an oligopoly market with limited number of competitors including Sony, Warner, BMG and so on. Oligopoly is a market form where there ar a few number of suppliers with similar identical products. Thus the digital music industry is evolving very fast. on that point is always the threat of a new company introducing something totally new to the market such as wireless technology that could replace the need for a physical music player. Its o f paramount importance for Apple iTunes to invest a lot in research, and development and marketing in order to keep up with other companies that could introduce newer products to the market. Apple iTunes could improve the lineament of their products. Then due to the greater quality of their music files, manufacturers of MP3, 4, 5 players would be compelled to manufacture their products to make them compatible with these files, because customers would be lured to buy Apple iTunes as they are of superior quality. The popularity of iPod and Apple Mac are subject to demand. If economies are negatively affected the demand for these products would fall. until now customers interests change often. There is a possibility that a new company might come up with a totally new innovation and thus the demand for Apple iTunes may drop. In fact Apple i-tunes Company as in the oligopoly market requires strategic thinking unlike other market forms in the market such as perfect competition, monopol y and monopolistic competition. In fact oligopolistic competition privy provide different range of outcomes. In some cases firm may employ trade practices that are restrictive. In other situations, competition between sellers in an oligopoly market can be relatively number one prices and high production. There is always a threat to Apple iTunes from other manufactures who manufacture inferior quality music files at low cost and also the creation of pirated digital music (Presswire, 2007). Customers might be lured to buy these products as they cost less. Other substitutes such as Satellite radio for music, Entertainment media, media and music alternative sources for videos (cable, broadcast) and alternative means to acquire music (Music CDs, DVDs) are potential threats. Thus this could lead to an streamlined outcome approaching perfect competition. However the competition in an oligopoly industry can be higher(prenominal) when there are more firms in an industry if, for instance, the firms were only regionally based and did not make do directly with each other.According to the behavior of the oligopolistic market, firm has to face a kinked demand curve at the living market price for its widgets (products). In this scenario suppliers do not have the tendency to increase the price, because other competitors in the industry would not follow

Effect of Unethical Behavior Article Analysis (ACCOUNTING COURSEWORK) Assignment

Effect of Unethical Behavior Article Analysis (ACCOUNTING COURSEWORK) - fitting ExampleHence, enabling wise investments this will not only benefit the individual firms but to a fault augment the states economic stability.Accounting malpractices presently assume numerous forms that are patent both in the regimes institutions and in individual corporations. For illustration, inaccurate financial records that result from an well-educated manipulation by the responsible individuals (Bisoux, 2005). Since, they do have hidden intentions meant to benefit themselves via presenting false figures that would derail the reveal organizations auditing process. Primarily, these staffs encompass the accountants who are responsible in the daily handling of accounting books. The individuals usually manipulate figures to match a false amount after colluding with fellow workers and have chopped near amount, hence nerve-racking to make a cover up. In some incidents, these malpractices may entail th e top officials, but broadly speaking evident amid the middle staffs (Bisoux, 2005).Additionally, the malpractices may entail misusing funds via channeling them in diverse directions to cater for expenses not mean for or inappropriate. For illustration, overspending especially in a venture where the undertakers or those pioneering team would benefit in some way. This deprives the firm the necessary financial resources meant for boosting its sustainability or expansion and instead starts encountering difficulties in its management (Bisoux, 2005). Consequently, this financial peculation will indirectly will feature in its accounting standings. This would be via meticulous study by potential investors who will notice the evident misappropriation and decline in investing in it.Since the inauguration of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, numerous organizations and even regimes have recorded an growth of their economic stability (Bisoux, 2005). This emanates from the accountability, which th e act has instilled

International Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Human Rights - Essay ExampleThe corrective conventions- these expedient tools foc employ on the palliation of particular social problems which undermined the position of women in the society. It includes efforts to prohibit prostitution and sale of women for slavery or force labor, child labor, and other forms of personal abuses. The elimination of discrimination conventions- these are the recent and the foremost form of tools used to provide protection to women against any sort of discrimination extended towards them due to their gender. The UN developed the Convention on the excretory product of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women 1979 in order to place non-discriminatory rules in place. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women 1979 (CEDAW) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women is an internationally acceptable UN convention, which aims to destruct the practice of discriminating women in al l sectors of life, be it employment, justice seeking, provision of public services, healthcare, education, domestic relations, political participation etc. By the 11th August 2006, the Convention had a massive following and substitute from slightly the globe, which was substantiated by the particular that 98 countries signed the convention and it was ratified or acceded to by 184 nations planetary (Blanchfield, 2006). The United Nations claimed that this convention was an expedient tool of ensuring non-discrimination and that it was a valuable mechanism for the extension of human rights to cleaning woman who are subjected to tyranny and oppression around the globe and yet not provided with due rights before the law. Therefore, it forces the division states to implement certain measures which would ensure that women receive their due rights and freedom. Its popular acceptance is also substantiated by the fact that 90% of United Nations member states have ratified it. It cannot be denied that CEDAW is a move towards more equation between men and women, however the enactment of laws and policies does not ensure that the aim would be achieved, since it is the effectiveness found on the practicality of the convention and its acceptance in real life and not just on sheer paper which determines its success or failure. The Effectiveness of CEDAW The effectiveness of the measures carried out under CEDAW vary in pact with certain factors such(prenominal) as the development level of a nation, the political ideology in place, the normally practiced religion and cultural relativism prevalent in the region etc. It has been observed by institutions such as Amnesty International Organization, which carry out surveys and research for social welfare, that this convention has worked for the betterment of women around the globe, but there still remain obstacles pertaining to the above mentioned factors which hinder the complete implementation of these measures, resulting in the around-the-clock and ever increasing subordination of women in different spheres of the world (Amnesty Internatio

Expectations manipulate the reader Essay Example for Free

Expectations manipulate the reader EssayHow does monster Presentation of stains jeopardize puerility in chapters 1-8 of great Expectations manipulate the reader? Great expectations is a contain written by Charles Dickens, and was first published in 1861. Charles Dickens was a Victorian writer and also a amicable commentator during the time. The falsehood Great Expectations commentates on low-toneder class life in the Victorian era. The book is mainly based on social criticism. The novel is about a boy called Pip who has a cruel start to life, living with his mean sister and her husband. With umpteen people indifferent to Pips life, Pip starts with low expectations wanting to go to prison. Afterwards his life changes when he is described as a common laboring boy, eager to change this he also changes his expectations in life and from wanting to go to prison, or adequate a blacksmith he wants to fabricate a gentleman and have a high status. Throughout the novel we argon ma nipulated into feeling sorry for Pip. The events in his life, the people he meets and the way he is treated from childhood till he is grown up.Pip is an orphan at the beginning of the story, this and the factors such as that his pargonnts are dead make us feel sorry for him. He also lives with his sister who is a uncut and beastly woman and treats him horridly. We are first introduced to Pip whilst he is a child. While in the burying ground he meets an break loose reprobate who treats him harshly. One of the ways that Dickens manipulates us during this is showing how unprotected and worn out Pip is. After each question he tilted me over a little much, so as to give me a greater sense of helplessness and danger (chapter 1) this quote shows how feeble Pip is.We are later manipulated even more by the way his sister treats him. Contempt and hatred are just some of the ways that could be used to describe her attitude towards him. Hence he is a lonely, weak boy who has no parents. Mrs Joe applied Tickler to its further investigation. She concluded by throwing me I ofttimes served as a connubial missile. She beats Pip and acts as if he is nothing but a mere slave to her and must do as he is told or she willHow does Dickens successfully bind Magwitchs appearance in Chapter one with his return in Chapter Thirty-nine in Great Expectations?Great Expectations is zeal in the 1800s, for gentlemen of that time, life was rich and full of beautiful houses and places. Because they didnt have to work they spent their days chatting, issue to dinners and just having fun. But for the working class, they had to always be thinking of ways to make money and always working to secure their next meal. This novel was serialised, which meant that the story was published part by part and so, many groups of people would gather together to read the story. They could then tell each other what they thought was spillage to happen in the next jibe of chapters.To make the audience wa nt to read the next couple of chapters, Dickens had to end each chapter with a cliff hanger. The central protagonist in this novel is Pip. In the first chapter we learn that Pips parents are dead and so he lives with his sister and her husband. We also learn that he had 5 other brothers and sisters who have also died as their five mini gravestones or rocks are beside Pips parents grave. He frequently visits his parents grave even though he has no memory of ever seeing them. He paints a picture in his mind of his mum and dad. In this chapter we get to meet Abel Magwitch who will become a central figure in Pips life.Dickens successfully uses pathetic fallacy in both Chapter One and Chapter Thirty-nine to create a negative tension. In Chapter One, he describes the weather with negative adjectives such as sting, torn, and growled. These all give negative connotations to the reader to create the no-good tension in the weather. He also uses the onomatopoeia like shivers and shiver to sho w how the weather is affecting people. He also uses the word shuddering again in Chapter Thirty-nine providing an obvious link in the weather. Dickens uses the adjective angry more then once to show that whatever is going to happen wont be good.In Chapter Thirty-nine, Dickens hints at negative events by using the simile, like discharges of a cannon which also ties into Chapter One because it is signalling that an escaped convict could be entering the story again because a cannon would sound whenever a convict had escaped. Dickens describes the weather as stormy and wet, stormy and wet which uses repetition to push across how bad the weather is. He also says, mud, mud, mud which is a list of three, which is a very convincing proficiency to help set the scene for Magwitchs return.

Litmus Milk Procedural Essay Example for Free

Litmus Milk Procedural EssayLitmus milk is a complicated medium that can potentially distinguish many species of bacteria. Litmus milk has several components that can be metabolized lactose (milk sugar) casein (milk protein) and litmus (a pH indicator). If lactose is fermented, the solution should turn pink. If gas is produced during fermentation, you may be able to see bubbles or cracks in the milky medium. If lactose is not fermented and proteins are metabolized instead, the solution go out become alkaline and turn blue in color. If casein is digested, the milk will coagulate to induce a curd (a solid). Casein may be metabolized all the way down to individual amino acids. This process, called peptonization, results in a clear (not milky) liquid that is usually brown in color. Finally, the litmus may be minify and become colorless. The culture will then look milk white.Materials1. Litmus Milk Broth 2. bunsen burner Burner 3. Inoculation Loop 4. Nutrient slant 5. Goggles 6. Lab Coat 7.Incubator Procedure1. arse about an Inoculation loop and sterilize it using the Bunsen burner. 2. Take bacteria from your nutrient slant on inoculation loop 3. Inoculate a litmus milk tube with the bacteria. 4. Incubate for 72 hours keep open results every 24 hours for 3 days.

Murdering Mckinley Essay Example for Free

Murdering Mckinley EssayThe main factors that are presented in the earmark include how the bravoation touched the States and its society, Roosevelts response to the character assassination and his succession to the presidency, the reasons for committing the slaughter, and the evidence that supports the cases of the assassin and the district attorney. I institute this book to be a well-organized and accurate taradiddle of the assassination as well as the environ events. I found the events that occurred to be extremely wrong and hurtful to the the Statesn society. The means by which the assassin achieved the political changes that he desired were completely immoral and threatening to the States. Rauchway describes William McKinleys assassination in the class of 1901 by explaining to the reader the motives of the assassin, the reaction of the district attorney and society, and the response that Roosevelt had to suddenly becoming the President of the unify States. On September 6, 1901 President William McKinley was tragicalally assassinated at the Pan American Exposition in Buffalo, NY by Leon F. Czolgosz. President McKinley ran the politics of state supported capitalism. He was a strong conservative, which was reflected in his successes of reopening factories and put individuals derriere to work. Czolgosz disliked McKinleys politics and wanted McKinley himself to fall in order to surface America was vulnerable and to strip the American people of any illusions of safety. Although the motives behind Czolgoszs actions were completely immoral, he did put one across well supported logic behind these actions.The case ultimately went to trial, and the district attorney tried to prove that the assassin succumbed to radicalism through his anger of his social standing. Some would argue that Czolgosz was mentally insane and delusional and that he should receive mercy. At the time of the assassination the American society was becoming more(prenominal) urban a nd more complex, leading people to have less control over their own fates. People soon began to hope that a sane and healthy social environment would lead to a sane and healthy unify States population.Movements to sustain these ideas grew and flourished during the time of Roosevelts presidency. This led to liberal political ideology, which soon became kno wn as progressivism. The main mend that McKinleys assassination had on Americans was that it pressured them to be more clear and up front on their opinions of a working class which included a large number of immigrants. It also encouraged the people to interpretive program their opinion on race in the developing democracy.The organization of the text and manner by which the facts were presented by the author made it easy to follow and understand. I found the book to be unbiased era representing all sides of the argument fairly. The book contains evidence of the details given and the author manytimes uses other historians to b ack uphisevidenceasagoodwaytosupporthisstatements. Tome,therealbenefitof reading this book was that it fostered to expand my knowledge of the actual events of the assassination as well the effects that it had upon America and Roosevelts invigorated role as President.I feel that the arguments presented by Rauchway regarding whether or not the assassination was a positive or negative experience for America were mostly equal. After reading the book I gained a better understanding of the affects of the murder. I am able to understand that although McKinleys finish was a tragedy, ultimately America was able to flourish through the progressivism supported through Roosevelts policies. However, I feel very strongly that Czolgoszs act of murder was completely inhumane and very gibelike to America and its people.As a whole, the book was a very well written description of the murder of William Mckinley and of the affects it imposed on the country. The murder of McKinley had many lasting im pacts on American society. Through the assassination, America recieved a push towards progressivism, and became a wake up call to American politics. Although it was a misfortunate act which was committed, it did help America to grow and become stronger as a nation. Roosevelt took a strong stance as the new President and bravely faced the challenge of leading America with courage and knowledge.He acted upon constituents fears so that they would become supporters of his efforts to rid radical dissent. Some say Czolgosz acted upon his own insanity, however his decisions were based on logic and his life ended in the electric chair and his remains were doused in sulfuric acid. When he committed the crime he was aware that there would be extreme consequences for his actions. This showed America how far some people would go to achieve the political changes they desired.As Americans today look back on the tragic event, it is seen as one of the most devastating days in American history. Howe ver, in the end America found the strength and courage to push through the sorrow and hurt and eventually grow from the ending that birthed a new nation. Eric Rauchway presents this tragic event in American history with a hopeful and bullish tone as he emphasizes the positive growth that America managed to obtain through Roosevelts policies. His account is easy to understand yet still challenges the reader to think more deeply about the implications of the event.

A Separate Peace By John Knowles Essay Example for Free

A Separate wild pansy By John Knowles EssayIn A Separate Peace by John Knowles, it is unvarnished that Finny and Leper undergo the most traumatic experiences from the Class of 1943. Through these experiences, both characters lose some(prenominal) of their innocence and naivety. Finny, upon knowledge of the existence of the war and ingredients moment of hatred, learns to tackle realities and perceive the world as it is, not as the unblemished childlike image he wants it to be. However, when Leper enlists in the army, he quickly begins to have hallucinations because the universe is too much for him to handle. Nevertheless, he eventually overcomes his insanity and seems to be fairly mentally stable by the end of the novel. Although Finny and Lepers traumas argon the source of a major loss of purity and childhood, they are also the cause of post-tramautic growth and a necessary increase in maturity.Finny goes through several perception-changing events during the course of t he novel, but the event that cements his departure from childhood is the acceptance that cistron deliberately shook Finny off the tree. This shock was caused by his own inability to accept the truth in the first place. Despite the ease of denying unwanted information and living in a dream world, it is mentally unhealthy for Finny because of the shock caused upon finally believing the truth. Immediately after Genes confession of jouncing the limb, Gene remarks that Finny looked older than I had ever seen him (62). Finny, however, does not yet comprehend feelings of jealousy and betrayal, as he has scarce had any himself and finds it difficult to think of anothers intimate of view the information registers on his face, but before he has term to process it and mature he rejects the idea entirely. Gene states it occurred to me that this could be an even deeper dent than what I had dvirtuoso before (62).The reality of adult themes such as jealousy, betrayal, and hate is what hurts F inny most, not the crippling injury itself. Another reality that takes away from Finnys nescience is the war (when he finally believes in its existence). The most salient and stunning war in recent history, World War II had a huge encounter on millions of lives worldwide. Yet Phineas refused to believe in the war, and instead created a fantasy in which he was the one of the moreover people who knew that it was all a hoax. When Gene, in disbelief from Finnys opinion, questions Finny on why he is the only person who is aware of the stuffed shirts (107) plot tosuppress happiness, Finny emotionally bursts divulge it is because he has suffered (108).Apparently, Finny has visualized this hoax to eggshell himself from the disadvantages of his disability, such as enlisting. Nevertheless, Finny quickly accepts the truth of the war after seeing Leper in a mentally disturbed state of mind. The image of what the war did to someone who used to be close to him shook him out of his dream worl d and spurred his emotional growth. When Finny, at the end of the novel, learned to accept the realities and avoid using defence to cope with shock, he lost the last of his childhood innocence.Leper is easily one of the most naive and unacquainted(p) characters during the Summer Session. His good-naturedness and passive fascination with nature is such an ideal image of innocence that it seems almost get down to see him in the traumatized state of mind after enlisting. Even while everyone is volunteering to shovel snow to aid the war effort and discussing their plans for which division to enlist in, Leper is only concerned with the beauty of nature and skis to a silk hat dam to watch the beavers develop and build their dam. He is moved to join the army not for worthless images of glory and glamor like the other students, but rather for the beauty of skiing down a mountain. Obviously, he soon finds that the army is too much for him, and while absent from the ongoings at Devon he loses every shred of innocence and guilelessness that previously surrounded his character. When Gene meets him, his psyche is obviously changed to such a point that he has hallucinations and other symptoms of schizophrenia, caused by his rapid ascension into adult matters.He does not accept reality nearly as well as Finny does because his character was far more innocuous at the wampum of the novel. So many of his images of the world are shattered that it can be seen that he feels like he has little familiarity to hold onto. He grasps to every gleam of regularity and unchangeable function, which explains his preference for spending measure in the dining room of his house simply because he knows that three daily meals will be served there on a consistent basis. However, his time at home seems to have given him time to cope with the images of matureness. Upon his return to Devon, he seems mentally well and a much more decisive pledge than ever before. He accurately and forcefully c onvicts Gene of jouncing the limb in his new, confident voice (166).Gene describes Leper during the trial as all energy (165). Evidently, Leper has dealt with the loss of innocence caused by his abrupt initiation into maturity and has become a more confident, self-assured person in spite of it.Knowles makes it apparent throughout A Separate Peace that while the loss of innocence may often seem to be a sad or tragic event, it is necessary to pave the way for maturation and a transition into adulthood. Had Finny never accepted the truth of the tragedy that occurred to him, he would have never matured beyond his carefree pass days. And had Leper kept living in his own world of vivid imaginations, he would have never create into the sanguine individual he becomes at the end of the novel. While the loss of innocence is partly a lugubrious experience, John Knowles portrays it as a necessity a part of maturation and growth that leads to adulthood and self-fulfillment.

The Past, Present, and Future of Automated Scoring Essay Example for Free

The Past, Present, and Future of Automated Scoring turn outNo sensible closing evict be made all longer with expose taking into account non lonesome(prenominal) the realism as it is, further the world as it leave alone be Isaac Asimov (5)IntroductionAlthough some realities of the classroom take a breather constant they wouldnt exist without the presence, whether actual or virtual, of learners and teachers the engine room age is changing not but the sort that we teach, but in addition how learners learn. firearm the implications of this affect all disciplines, it is acutely evident in the principle of create verbally. In the last twenty years, we have seen a rapid diverseness in how we read, release, and plow text. Compo personateionist Carl Whithaus maintains that constitution is becoming an increasingly multimodal and mul clock timedia activity (xxvi). It is no surprise hence, that there be currently ascorbic acid one million million blogs in exis goce worldwide and 171 billion email messages sent daily (Olson 23), and the trend toward digitally-based opus is also moving into the classroom. The typical student today writes al most(prenominal) wholly on a computing device, typically one equipped with automate tools to help them spell, check grammar, and even choose the right words (Cavanaugh 10). Furthermore, 300 notes that increasingly, classes and programs in piece of report require that students compose digitally (785).Given the effect of applied science on piece of music and the current culture of high stakes political campaign ushered in by the mandates of the No Child left(a) Behind stage of 2001, a seemingly natural product of the combination of the ii is electronic computer-based estimate of write. An belief still in its infancy, the process of technological change in combination with federal examineing mandates has outgrowthed in several nominates incorporating computer-based interrogatory into t heir piece of music perspicacitys, not only because of students widespread familiarity with computers, but also because of the demands of college and the temptplace, where word-processing skills atomic number 18 a essential (Cavanaugh 10).Although it last outores sense to have students accustomed to comprise on computer write in the equal mode for high-stakes tests, does it line sense to score their penning by computer as well? This is a contr oversial question that has both supporters and detractors. Supporters like Stan Jones, Indianas Commissioner of Higher Education, believe that computerized essay razing is required (Hurwitz n.p.), while detractors, in general pedagogues, assert that such appraisal defies what we grapple more or less compose and its assessment, because regardless of the reasonable all opus is social accordingly, solvent to and evaluation of writing are human activities (CCC 786).Even so, the naive realism is that the law requires inter rogation nationwide, and in all prob force that mandate is not going to change anytime soon. With NCLB up for revision this year, even politicians like Sen. Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts agree that standards are a good idea and that testing is one way to ensure that they are met. At some point, we need to pull away from all-or-none polarisation and create a untested paradigm. The sooner we pass that computer technology will subsume assessment technology in some way (Penrod 157), the sooner we will be able to address how we, as teachers of writing, quarter use technology effectively for assessment.In the past, Brian Huot notes that teachers responses have been reactionary, cobbled together at the last split second in response to an outside call (150). Teachers need to be proactive in addressing technological overlap in the composition classroom, because if we dont, others bed will impose certain technologies on our teaching (Penrod 156). Instead of passively leaving the de velopment of assessment software solely to programmers, teachers need to be actively involved with the process in order to ensure the application of sound pedagogy in its creation and application.This essay will argue that automated essay gain ground (AES) is an inevitability that bids many more positive possibilities than negative ones. trance the research presented here spans K-16 education, this essay will primarily address its application in secondary environments, primarily foc using on high school juniors, a group currently consisting of approximately 4 million students in the United States, because this group represents the targeted population for secondary school high stakes testing in this country (U.S. Census Bureau). It will first present a brief history of AES, then explore the current state of AES, and finally consider the implications of AES for writing instruction and assessment in the future.A abbreviated History of Computers and AssessmentThe first time regula te objective testing in writing occurred was in 1916 at the University of Missouri as part of a Carnegie Foundation sponsored study (Savage 284). As the 20th vitamin C continued, these tests began to grow in popularity because of their efficiency and perceived reliability, and are the cornerstone of what Kathleen Blake Yancey describes as the first wave of writing assessment (484). To articulate the progression of composition assessment, Kathleen Blake Yancey identifies three distinct, yet overlapping, waves (483). The first wave, occurring approximately from 1950-1970, primarily cerebrate on using objective (multiple choice) tests to assess writing simply because, as she quotes Michael Williams, they were the best response that could be tied to testing theory, to institutional need, to cost, and ultimately to efficiency (Yancey 489).During Yanceys first wave of composition assessment, some other wave was jumping in the parallel universe of computer software design, where devel opers began to address the possibilities of not only schedule computers to mimic the process of human reading, but to emulate the value judgments that human readers make when they read student writing in the context of large scale assessment (Herrington and Moran 482). Herrington and Moran identify The Analysis of Essays by Computer, a 1968 book by Ellis Page and Dieter Paulus, as one of the first composition studies books to address AES.Their goal was to appraise student writing as reliably as human readers, and they attempted to identify computer-measurable text features that would correspond with the kinds of intrinsic features that are the reason for human judgments , settling on thirty quantifiable features, which included essay length in words, average word length, amount and kind of punctuation, number of common words, and number of spelling errors (Herrington and Moran 482). In their study, they found a high enough statistical correlation, .71, to support the use of the computer to score student writing. The authors note that the response of the composition community in 1968 to Page and Pauluss book was one of indignation and uproar.In 2007, not much has changed in terms of the composition communitys position regarding computer-based assessment of student writing. To many, it is something that is an unknown, recondite Orwellian entity waiting in the shadows for the perfect moment to jump out and usurp teachers autonomy in the classroom. Nancy Patterson describes computerized writing assessment as a horror story that may come sooner than we pull ahead (56). Furthermore, P.L. doubting Thomas offers the following question and response How can a computer determine accuracy, originality, valuable elaboration, assoil language, language maturity, and a long list of similar qualities that are central to assessing writing? Computers cant. WE must ensure that the human element remains the dominant factor in the assessing of student writing (29).Herri ngton and Moran make the paying back a central one in the teaching of writing and have serious concerns somewhat the potential effects of machine reading of student writing on our teaching, on our students learning, and therefore on the profession of English (495). Finally, CCC definitively writes, We oppose the use of machine-scored writing in the assessment of writing (789). While the argument against AES is clear here, the responses appear to be based on a lack of on a lower floorstanding of the technology and an unwillingness to change. Instead of taking a reactionary position, it might be more constructive for teachers to slang the inevitability of computerized assessment technology it is not going away and to use that assumption as the basis for taking a proactive role in its implementation.The Current Culture of High-Stakes TestingAt any given time in the United States, there are approximately 16 million 15-18 year-olds, the mass of whom receive a high school educatio n (U.S. Census). Even when factoring in a utmost of 10 percent (1.6 million) who may drop out or otherwise not receive a diploma, there is a significant amount of students, 14-15 million, who are attending high school. The majority of these students are members of the reality school system and as such must be tested annually according to NCLB, though the most significant focus group for high-stakes testing is 11th manakin students.Currently in clams, 95% of any given public high schools junior population must sit for the MME, Michigan Merit Exam, in order for the school to qualify for AYP, Adequate Yearly Progress1. Interestingly, those students do not all have to pass currently, though by 2014 the government mandates a 100% passing rate, a number that most admit is an impossibility and will probably be addressed as the NCLB Act is up for review this year. In the past, as part of the previous 11th outrank examination, the MEAP, Michigan educational Assessment Program, required s tudents to complete an essay response, which was assessed by a variety of people, mostly college students and retired teachers, for a minimum amount of money, usually in the $7.50 $10.00 per second range.As a side note, neighboring Ohio sends its writing test to North Carolina to be scored by workers receiving $9.50 per hour (Patterson 57), a wage that dissipated food employees make in some states. Because of this, it was consistently difficult for the state to assess these books in a short menstruum of time, causing huge delays in distributing the results of the exams back to the school districts, posing a huge problem as schools could not use the testing information in order to address educational shortfalls of their students or programs in a timely manner, one of the purposes behind getting prompt feedback.This year (2007), as a result of increased graduation requirements and testing mandates driven by NCLB, the Michigan Department of Education began administering a new-fa ngled examination to 11th graders, the MME, an ACT fueled assessment, as ACT was awarded the testing contract. The MME is comprised of several sections and required most high schools to administer it over a period of 2-3 days. Day one consists of the ACT + Writing, a 3.5 hour test that includes an litigious essay.Days two/three (depending on district implementation), consist of the ACT WorkKeys, a basic work skills test of math and English, further mathematics testing (to address curricular topic not covered by the ACT + Writing), and a social studies test, which incorporates another essay that the state combines with the argumentative essay in the ACT + Writing in order to determine an overall writing score. Miraculously, under the auspices of ACT, students received their ACT + Writing scores in the mail approximately three weeks later on testing, unlike the MEAP, where some schools did not receive test scores for six months. In 2005, a MEAP authoritative admitted that the cost of scoring the writing assessment was forcing the state to go another route (Patterson 57), and now it has.So how is this related to automated essay scoring? My hypothesis is that as states are required to test writing as part of NCLB, there is going to be a lack of qualified people to be able to read and assess student essays and determine results within a reasonable amount of time to purposefully inform necessary curricular and instructional change, which is supposed to be the point of testing in the first place. Four million plus essays to evaluate each year (sometimes more if more writing is required, like Michigan requiring two essays) on a national level is a huge amount. Michigan Virtual Universitys Jamey Fitzpatrick says, Lets face it. Its a very labor-intensive project to sit down and read essays (Stover n.p.). Furthermore, it only makes sense that instead of states working on their own test management, they will contract state-wide testing to larger testing agencies, lik e Michigan and Illinois have with ACT, to reduce be and improve efficiency. Because of the move to contract ACT, my guess is that we are moving in the direction of having all of these writings scored by computer.In email correspondence that I had with Harry Barfoot at Vantage Learning in early 2007, a company that creates and markets AES software, verbalise, Ed Roeber has been to visit us and he is the high stakes assessment guru in Michigan, and who was part of the MEAP 11th grade becoming an ACT test, which Vantage will end up existence part of under the covers of ACT. This indicates the inevitability of AES as part of high-stakes testing. In spite of the fact that there are no states that rely on computer assessment of writing yet, state education officials are aspect at the potential of this technology to limit the need for costly human scorers and reduce the time require to grade tests and get them back in the hands of classroom teachers (Stover n.p.). Because we live in an age where the figure axe frequently cuts funding to public education, it is in the interest of states to save money any way they can, and states stand to save millions of dollars by adopting computerized writing assessment (Patterson 56).Although AES is not a reality yet, all property is that we are moving toward it as a solution to the cost and efficiency do its of standardized testing. Herrington and Moran observe that pressures for common assessments across state public K-12 systems and higher education both for placement and for proficiency testing make attractive a machine that promises to assess the writing of large numbers of students in a fast and reliable way (481). To date, one of the two readers (the other is still human) for the GMAT is e-Rater, an AES software program, and some universities are using Vantages WritePlacerPlus software in order to place first year university students (Herrington and Moran 480). However, one of the largest obstacles in bringing A ES to K-12 is one of access. In order for students writing to be assessed electronically, it must be inputted electronically, meaning that every student will have to compose their essays via computer.Sean Cavanaghs article of two months ago maintains that ACT has already suggested delivering computers to districts who do not have sufficient technology in order to accommodate technology differences (10). As of last month, March 2007, Indiana is the only state that relies on computer scoring of 11th grade essays for the state-mandated English examination (Stover n.p.) for 80 percent of their 60,000 11th graders (Associated Press), though their Assistant Superintendent for Assessment, Research, and Information, West Bruce, says that the states computer software assigns a confidence rating to each essay, where low confidence essays are referred to a human scorer (Stover n.p.). In addition, in 2005 West Virginia began using an AES program to grade 44,000 meat and high school writing sam ples from the states writing assessment (Stover n.p.). At present, only ten percent of states currently incorporate computers into their writing assessments, and two more are piloting such exams (Cavanagh 10). As technology croaks more accessible for all public education students, the possibilities for not only computer-based assessment but also AES become very real.Automated Essay ScoringWeighing the technological possibilities against logistical considerations, however, when might we watch to see full-scale implementation of AES? Semire Dikli, a Ph.D. candidate from Florida State University, writes that for practical reasons the transition of large-scale writing assessment from newspaper to computer delivery will be a gradual one (2). Similarly, Russell and Haney suspect that it will be some years before schools generally develop the capacity to administer big assessments via computer (16 of 20).The natural extension of this, then, is that AES cannot happen on a large-scale until we are able to provide conditions that allow each student to compose essays via computer with Internet access to upload files. At issue as well is the reliability of the company contracted to do the assessing. A March 24, 2007 Steven Carter article in The Oregonian reports that access issues resulted in the state of Oregon canceling its contract with Vantage and signing a long-run contract with American Institutes for Research, the long-standing company that does NAEP testing. Even though the state tests only reading, science, and math this way (not writing), it provided indicates that reliable access is an ongoing issue that must be resolved.Presently, there are four commercially available AES systems Project Essay Grade (Measurement, Inc.), Intelligent Essay Assessor (Pearson), Intellimetric (Vantage), and e-Rater (ETS) (Dikli 5). All of these incorporate the similar process in the software, where First, the developers identify relevant text features that can be extracte d by computer (e.g., the likeness of the words used in an essay to the words used in high-scoring essays, the average word length, the absolute frequency of grammatical errors, the number of words in the response). Next, they create a program to extract those features. Third, they combine the extracted features to form a score. And finally, they evaluate the machine scores empirically,(Dikli 5).At issue with the programming, however, is that the weighting of text features derived by an automated scoring system may not be the same as the one that would result from the judgments of writing experts (Dikli 6). There is still a significant difference between statistically optimal approaches to measurement and scientific or educational approaches to measurement, where the aspects of writing that students need to focus on to improve their scores are not the ones that writing experts most value (Dikli 6). This is the tension that Diane Penrod addresses in Composition in Convergence that w as mentioned earlier, in which she recommends that teachers and compositionists become proactive by getting involved in the creation of the software instead of leaving it exclusively to programmers.And this makes sense. Currently, there are 50-60 features of writing that can be extracted from text, but current programs only use to the highest degree 8-12 of the most predictive features of writing to determine scores (Powers et. al. 413). Moreover, Thomas writes that composition experts must determine what students learn about writing if that is left to the programmers and the testing experts, we have failed (29). If compositionists and teachers can enmesh themselves in the creation of software, working with programmers, then the product would likely be one that is more palatable and suitable based on what we know good writing is. While the aura of mystery behind the creation of AES software is of concern to educators, it could be easily addressed by education and involvement. CCC r easons that since we can not know the criteria by which the computer scores the writing, we can not know whether particular kinds of bias may have been built into the scoring (489). It stands to reason, then, that if we take an active role in the development of the software, we will have more control over issues such as bias.Another point of contention with moving toward computer-based writing and assessment is the concern that high-stakes testing will result in students having a narrow view of good writing, particularly those moving to the college level, where writing skill is expected to be more comprehensive than a prompt-based five-paragraph essay written in 30 minutes. Grand Valley State Universitys Nancy Patterson opposes computer scoring of high stakes testing, saying that no computer can evaluate subtle or creative styles of writing nor can they judge the whole tone of an essays intellectual content (Stover n.p.). She also writes that standardized writing assessment is alr eady having an unfavorable effect on the teaching of writing, luring many teachers into more formulaic approaches and an over-emphasis on surface features (Patterson 57).Again, education is learn here, specifically teacher education. Yes, we live in a culture of high-stakes testing, and students must be prepared to write successfully for this genre. But, test-writing is just that, a genre, and should be taught as such just not to the detriment of the rest of a writing program something that the authors of Writing of Demand assert when they write We believe it is possible to meld writing on demand into a plan for teaching based on best practices (5). AES is not an attack on best practices, but a tool for cost-effective and efficient scoring. Even though Thomas warns against the demands of standards and high stakes testing becoming the entire writing program, we still must realize that computers for composition and assessment can have positive results, and many of the roadblocks to more effective writing instruction the paper load, the time involved in writing instruction and assessment, the need to address surface features individually can be lessened by using computer programs (29).In addition to pedagogical concerns, skeptics of AES are suspicious of the companies themselves, particularly the aggressive marketing tactics that are used, particularly those that teachers perceive to be threats not only to their autonomy, but their jobs. To begin, companies aggressively market because we live in a capitalist society and they are out to make money. But, to cite Penrod, both computers and assessment are by-products of capitalist thinking applied to education, in that the two reflect speed and efficiency in textual production (157). This is no disparate than the first standardized testing experiments by the Carnegie Foundation at the beginning of the 20th Century, and it is definitely nothing new. Furthermore, Herrington and Moran admit that computer power has increased exponentially, text- and content- analysis programs have become more plausible as replacements for human readers, and our administrators are now the targets of heavy marketing from companies that offer to read and evaluate student writing quickly and inexpensively (480).In addition they see a threat in companies marketing programs that define the task of reading, evaluating, and responding to student writing not as a complex, demanding, and rewarding aspect of our teaching, but as a charge that should be lifted from our shoulders (480). In response to their first concern, teachers becoming involved in the process of creating assessment software will help to define the task the computers perform. Also, teachers will always read, evaluate, and respond, but probably differently. not all writing is for high-stakes testing. Secondly, and maybe Im alone in this (but I think not), but Id love to have the tedious task of assessing student writing lifted from my plate, oddly on sunny weekends when Im stuck inside for most of the daylight hours assessing student work. To be a dedicated writing teacher does not necessarily involve martyrdom, and if some of the tedious work is removed, it can give us more time to actually teach writing. Imagine thatThe Future of Automated Essay ScoringOn March 14th, 2007, an article appeared in Education Week that says that beginning in 2011, the study Association for Educational Progress will begin conducting the testing of writing for 8th and 12th grade students by having the students compose on computers, a decision unanimously approved as part of their new writing assessment framework. This new assessment will require students to write two 30-minute essays and evaluate students ability to write to persuade, to explain, and to convey experience, typically tasks deemed necessary both in school and in the workplace (Olson 23).Currently, NAEP testing is assessed by AIR (mentioned above), and will no doubt incorporate AES for assessing these writings. In response, Kathleen Blake Yancey, Florida State University professor and president-elect of NCTE, said the framework Provides for a more rhetorical view of writing, where purpose and audience are at the midriff of writing tasks, while also requiring students to write at the keyboard, providing a direct link to the kind of writing writers do in college and in the workplace, thus bringing assessment in line with lifelong composing practices (Olson 23). We are on the cusp of a new era.With the excitement of new possibilities, though, we must remember, as P.L. Thomas reminds us, that while technology can be a wonderful thing, it has never been and never will be a panacea (29). At the same time, we must also discard our tendency to avoid change and embrace the overwhelming possibilities of incorporating computers and technology with writing instruction. Thomas also says that writing teachers need to see the inevitability of computer-assisted writing ins truction and assessment as a great opportunity.We should work to see that this influx of technology can help increase the time students spend actually composing in our classrooms and increase the amount of writing students produce (29). Moreover, we must consider that the methods used to program AES software are not very different than the rubrics that classroom teachers use in holistic scoring, something Penrod identifies as having numerous subsets and criteria that do indeed divide the students work into pieces (93). I argue that our time is better spent working within the system to ensure that its inevitable changes reflect sound pedagogy, because the trend that were seeing is not substantially differently from previous ones. The issue is in how we choose to address it. Instead of eschewing change, we should embrace it and make the most of its possibilities.

Organic vs. Industrial Food Essay Example for Free

Organic vs. Industrial Food EssayHave you ever been rest in the market store, undecided on whether there really is a difference between the precedent store brand ribeye steak and the organic, grain fed, free range ribeye that costs twice as much? perpetually had little devil on one shoulder telling you one thing, and the angel on the separate convincing you the devil is wrong? Is cost the only thing holding you back from shelling off a few extra sheckles for the more expensive steak? Have you heard about the health benefits of consume organic? Then whitethornbe it is time you learned about the true benefits of organic food. In doing so, it may just change your life and blow your mind. Eating industrial foods tin cause a group of health issues today, such as word picture to toxins, as well as leading to diabetes and heart disease, and choosing to sweep away organic foods instead will help to resolve those issues. While organic foods are thought to be quite a bit more e xpensive than the standard, this is non al shipway the case. One article quotes Your local anesthetic food markets will often have lower prices on organic food items than traditional grocery stores. (Lotich, 2010, para 1).You have to take into consideration that in this day and age, almost any meal that you feast has an organic resource, or behind be prepared by using all organic ingredients. In knowing this, you may actually find that there are a number of other ways that you may go about saving some money, while incorporating organic foods into your daily diet. One of those things you can do is make yourself aware of the various farms that are putting out organic foods. Most family destine that organic foods are all produced by small, family owned farms.As I very deep found out, some of the most successful organic farms are very large and on a global scale. Take Earthbound Farms for example. They are a very successful and very large farm, consisting of everyplace 30,000 ac res. Their website states Weve been farming for more than 25 years now, and weve become the countrys largest grower of organic produce, move to being a catalyst for positive change in our kitchens and our milieu (Earthbound Farm, 2012, para 4).Buying from this connection not only promotes have healthier, and also supports a company that is looking out for the environment as well. Not only are some of the most successful organic farms gigantic and global, further so are some of the enormous corporations that buy organic food (Whole Foods, Wal-Mart, Safeway and Krogers). That being said, if you can explore and recognize some of these brands, what at first glance may seem like epic-box packaging may indeed turn out to be a cost efficient and healthy organic alternative to what one may typically buy in stores today.Thus it turns out, eating organic may not be as expensive as we first thought. In conjunction with steps such as forgening your meals ahead of time, organic food jus t may actually be cheaper overall than industrial foods in many instances. Planning meals ahead of time is a smart move. I recently adopt that When you have a detailed shopping list and go to the store with a plan, youre much slight likely to splurge on extras or expensive instant meals.And when you have a firm plan in place, and the food has already been purchased, you wont end up wasting money in the beat thru spending your money on overpriced fast food (James, 2008, para 2). This is an issue that I entail most of us face from time to time. Being smart can help digest these unneeded costs. It is important for consumers to really research organic foods and the cost benefits of choosing to go that route. You can end up eating better, as well as saving money.The healthy benefits of eating organic are yet other good reason to choose an organic diet. Recent studies have shown that The published literature lacks strong render that organic foods are significantly more nutritious t han conventional foods. Consumption of organic foods may reduce exposure to pesticide residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. (Novella, 2012) That being said, the same studies do show that eating organic foods does reduce the reduce exposure to pesticide residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.The EPA states that consumers are looking to organically grown and produced foods as a way to reduce exposure to celluloid pesticides (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). That certainly is a reason to make the switch. Also, if you are planning meals as aforementioned, and buy ingredients for those meals fresh, as opposed to meal mixes and processed industrial foods, then you are also in hear of the amounts of fats, sugars, and such that are in your meals. This is also a healthier option. Taking control of what you eat is important.I imagine most people want to control what they put in their bodies, and eating organic foods can help you do just that. Without eating organic foods, you can run the risk of leaving yourself easy to all kinds of diseases and other health issues. All in all, the evidence seems mounting in favor of converting to a healthier lifestyle. Eating organic food seems like both a smart, and strong way to make the transition. It is easier than exercising, and in most cases, would probably provide a better feeling in the long run.The American College of Sports Medicine advises adults to do moderately intense cardio exercise for 30 minutes a day, five eld a week or do vigorously intense cardio for 20 minutes a day, tercet days a week to stay healthy (Kunz, 2011, para 2). Exercising is important as well, but if you are eating the wrong foods, all of your hard work may be for not. So think about making the switch to organic foods. Starting off small can lead to big changes for you and your loved ones. Bibliography Earthbound Farm. (2012, December 6).The Earthbound Story. p. 2012. James, B. (2008, November 20). Five Benefits of Planni ng Meal Menus for Your Household. Yahoo Voices, p. 1. Kunz, M. (2011, October 19). Does Exercise offset Unhealthy Eating? Exercise Eating wellnessy, p. 1. Lotich, B. (2010, December 28). 10 Easy Ways To Save silver On Organic Food. US News, p. 1. Novella, S. (2012, Sept. 05). No Health Benefits from Organic Food. Science-Based Medicine, p. 1. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2012, December 6). Pesticides and Food. Pesticides Health and Safety , p. 1.

Problems of Conducting Research Into the Causes of Stress Essay Example for Free

Problems of Conducting Research Into the Causes of Stress EssayOne problem when conducting research into the causes of tense up is the generalisation of the sample, if the sample is restricted this has limitations in terms of generalising the results to the total population. In the muse by Johansson, a sample of only 24 workers was used and from a specific undertaking type. This sample is unreflective of only job types and is too small to be applicable to the general population. Conclusions made may only be relevant to this sample. notwithstanding it could be argued that the factors that cause try in jobs such as deadlines and the dependence of others on you are common in all types of jobs and therefore using a sample of the specific job type becomes less restricted and applicable to other people in jobs with common stressors. A blurb problem when conducting research into causes of stress is the rigor of measurements.Validity refers to whether the results measure what th ey are supposed to measure and this is oft affected by the research method. The self report method is often questioned in terms of validity as participants have the ability to give socially desirable answers and steer away from the truth. In the study by Kanner, questionnaires were posted out to participants and a Hassles and uplifts scale was asked to be completed every month for 9 months and the Berkman life events scale after 10 months. This study, due to the use of self report lacks in validity, as researches are unsure as to whether data obtained reflects the true opinions of participants, which is an issue when trying to apply to everyday life. thus far the self report method is useful, despite it lacking in validity.It gives participants the freedom to write about their deliver subjective feelings and due to stress being personly perceived differently, it is useful in tailoring give-and-take to individuals to meet their needs. A third problem is reductionism, studies oft en reduce many factors that cause an individual stress to one factor, such as in the case of Johansson study, it was concluded work was the source of stress. However individual factors such as personality could play a role, researchers do not know that stress attached individuals are more likely to be in a high risk job. By impuissance to take into account other factors, resources and time may be used in the wrong area. However reductionism is useful as it does pinpoint an area that causes stress and allows in-depth research to be carried out to help participants.

Research Gaming as an Occupation Essay Example for Free

Research Gaming as an Occupation EssayThis research paper attempts to direction on the excreteic gaming as an occupation. Specifically the paper emphasises on the Formula 1, persist car driving. Formula 1 is a sport that has millions of fans in all the corners of the globe and in my visualize a research paper on race car driving as an occupation would be interesting as well as enlightening. The objective of the research paper is to provide information on Formula 1 as an occupation. The paper focuses on the history of Formula wholeness. How it started, when it started etc ar the main objectives address in the history part.The paper testament describe the salaries of different number unrivalled woods as Formula 1 is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the highest paid sports in the world. It will highlight the salaries earned by number adept woods in the business. It will focus upon the requirements of the sport, from season to physical fitness, from legal requirements t o company requirements. Furthermore the paper will discuss the different stages a number one wood has to pass through, before he is qualified to become a Formula 1 driver. These stages include archaeozoic training to a professional driver and the compressed mental and physical training.Experiences of different drivers also evidence a different story about the world of Formula 1 bucket along and that is why such(prenominal) experiences will be used in the paper to provide insights. The paper also discusses the sport as a business. With time F1 has grown in to an fabrication earning huge sums of m wholenessy in just matchless season for e in truth(prenominal)one, be it the constructors, the media or the sponsors. The paper then ends with a conclusion summarizing what mandate one offers and requires as an occupation. INTRODUCTION AND THESISFormula 1 racing which is also known as F1 to many is the top class motor car racing certified by the Federation of International Automobile s. The word dominion refers to specific rules that every aggroup has to stick to with. It dates back to atomic number 63an motor racing of 1920s and 1930s. The archetypical recipe one race was held in England at Silverstone in 1950 after the world war and a rubric for constructors (those who provide the cars) scratch line took in 1958. Today prescript one has become a apologue in the world of motorsports. The season consists of a serial of races held at different places in the world and the champion post is known as Grand Prix.It is held on proper circuits or city roads such as Monaco or Singapore. At the end of the season, dickens championships be awarded one for the best driver and one for the constructor. Europe is like the headquarters of formula one. Most of the races take place in Europe and all the teams ar Europe based as well. However in the recent years the scope of the sport has grow and nowadays drivers from all around the world try to qualify as a formula one racer. To get the license of a formula one racer, a driver has to pass many tests and rigorous physical and mental training.The speed of a formula one car is approximately 360 km/hr which explains why stamina and strength and mental concentration are very important for these drivers. This is also one reason formula one racers are amongst the highest paid employees in the world and ache a very large fan following. Based on the introduction my thesis statement would be As an occupation, formula one has to offer high wages, fan following, glamour and in return requires a enormous nap of physical and mental endurance in compliance with the requirements of the federation of International Racing. HISTORYFormula one is one of the biggest racing and television events of the world. As a sport it is as famous as football game or cricket. The history goes down to 1950s from where it all started. Europe was the base for motorsport racing and the era of 1920 and 30s gave rise to motor racing as a professional sport. Thus motor racing got divided into many divisions based on engine specifications, constructors, car types etc. one of these was formula one. The first formula one race was held at Silverstone, England in 1950 and a constructors champion ship was followed by in 1958. (Bruce Jones, 15) The Formula in the name is a set of rules which all participants must comply to. This was a new formula which was introduced after World War II in motor racing. With the modulation of time, the Formula saw many changes. Now it has totally modified into anew form because of the advanced simple machine mobile technology, the high speed engines and different track scenarios. HOW TO BECOME A FORMULA ONE driver To become a formula one racer, the drivers start from basic carting. As seen those who start at premature ages, have been the most successful drivers in the history of formula one.The current champion Hamilton started carting at the age of 9. Carting is a basic cart with steering capabilities, acceleration and braking. This helps improve the drivers skills in the art of steering, speed and brakes in closed circuits. After the driver is considered to be a qualified carter, he tries his luck in domestic championships or traditional European championships such as Formula 3 or Formula Ford. These races are the same as formula 1, but have lower car specifications and the circuits are closed and round usually. The top racers in these championships move to GP2.The Gp2 series started in 2005 though but the top three champions of GP2 since 2005 have been moving to formula one. Before GP2, formula two and formula ccc0 were the criteria for qualifying as a formula one driver. Though mostly British F3 series is one of the best place where constructors look for formula one drivers. Also to be noned is that at that place are drivers who have made straight to formula one such as Michael Schumacher who came from simple ram Racing. Thus qualifications are non a compulsion but obviously they do have an touch on the selection. THE PAYSCALEAs all other sports around the world, formula one is also a strike based sports. The drivers are leased on contract for a single season or for as many seasons as the constructors and the driver agree to. The earning there fore are on an annual basis. destination years champion Hamilton earned a one million pounds and is now on a five year contract with the constructor McLaren-Mercedese which is estimated to be worth approximately 70 million pounds and bonuses and endorsements are not included in this. Michael Schumacher according to the website Askmen. com earned a U. S.$67 million only from endorsements. From the tracks, his contract pay was around U. S. $32 million only which is almost half of what he got from endorsements only. One skunknot name an estimate on the industry average as the rates vary depending on the constructor that has hired the driver. Also usually the salaries are not annou nced that openly so whatever data is forthcoming is through what people or media find out form sources. Though based on approximation all the drivers on contract earn above a $5 million approximately as per the driving earnings listed on the website The F1 FAQ, 2008.( wave, 01) REQUIREMENTS FOR BECOMING A FORMULA 1 DRIVER Age As far as age is concerned, a formula one driver can even be fifteen years old. As obvious, the requirement of the sport is not age, it is skills in driving and how you show them on the track. According to an article by the BMW Sauber Team, the famous driver Nick Hiedfeld says that these days anyone can enter the formula one BMW team at the age of fifteen. As these young amateurs enter the Karting stage early, it is obvious that they will dash the Formula one track early as well.(BMW, 01). The retirement age is not very explicitly specified but generally drivers retire around 30 because they themselves realize that now forward racing would not be tough, it w ould be hard. Physical Fitness Physical fitness is something that a team never compromises when selecting a formula one driver. As the car moves on a speed of 360 km/hr, there is great force acting on the body of the driver. This force is termed as the G force. This G force exerts a lot of pressure on the body of the driver and requires endurance.Similarly the lighter the load of the driver, the faster the speed of the car as in formula one everything matters, from the fuel weight to drivers weight. The suit is also of leather to provide maximum protection and on a felicitous day conditions sometimes become miserable for the drivers. Thus becoming a formula one driver requires extraordinary physical strength. Mental Concentration Mental attentiveness comes along with physical vigor in order to become a formula one driver. A short lack of concentration and focus can cost the constructors their car and the driver his career. Accidents on such a high speed are fatal.Apart from accid ents there are split seconds decisions required such as when to speed up and when to hit the brakes at the right time or to overtake at the moment or not etc. All these choices require focus and sharpness. FORUMS There are different forums for the fans to discus latest countersign regarding the world of formula one. Most popularly used forums include the forum on the homepage of Formula one and the forum on the webpage of Planet F-1. These forums also provide the fans to discuss driver ratings and performances and their views about the championships or a particular ace etc.These forums are reviewed by teams at times and important decisions related to fans are sometime taken with the help of discussions on the forums. FORMULA 1 AS A BUSINESS The formula one racing has evolved into a business, an industry. The tickets are allotted on basis of stands owned by the constructors. The tickets interchange earn a great amount of sum for the constructors. Ferrari stands for example are esti mated to earn around U. S. $300 million approximately for the entire season (Financial Times, n/a). Though this is the one of the highest earned sums in the industry it still shows how much money is generated in this business.The constructors then also earn from media partners and sponsors. CONCLUSION To conclude, one can confidently say that formula one is no doubt one of the sports that people would definitely pick out as an occupation. The sport has everything to offer which one requires from his or her occupation. Money, fame, world tours and a star studded disembodied spirit are the benefits of becoming a professional formula one driver. The sport though requires a great deal of physical and mental effort but then again fame and fortune do not come easy. It has already surpasses the stage of racing, it has become a business and an industry worth billions of dollars.Works Cited Bruce and Damon Hill. The eventual(prenominal) Encyclopedia of Formula One The Definitive Illustrat ed Guide to Grand Prix Motor Racing 2007. MBI publishing company. 2007. Marcel Schot. The F1 FAQ, Atlas F1. 2000 http//atlasf1. autosport. com/2000/ita/faq. html F1 Network. BMW F1 Sauber Team. Dec. 4, 2006. http//www. f1network. net/main/s491/st108520. htm The business of sports Formula 1. Financial Times. Sept. 25, 2008. http//www. ft. com/cms/s/0/57eb0d84-8922-11dd-a179-0000779fd18c,dwp_uuid=1d7d1f1a-2041-11dd-80b4-000077b07658,s01=1. html