Fitt’s and Posner’s Phases of Learning Essay

Describe Fitts and Posners phases of attainment and explain how you would structure practises to enhance a executionIn this examine I declare explain Fitts and Posners phases of culture and how I would structure practises to enhance exploit.By practising a aptitude we butt end let better. Fitts and Posner theories were that every whiz has to go finished st eons of acquisition, known as the cognitive, associative and sovereign tips of learning. Depending how technical a person is at a particular sport, they will mint into a certain category. An carnal exertion of this is Wayne Rooney. At a issue age he was introduced to football and played amateur football from a young age, becoming one of the youngest strikers in football history.However by learning a skill in sport involves the development of skills by practice. An display case of this is shooting practise you substructure only become good by practising to kick the ball in between goalposts. Until a person becom es positive enough that they score a goal, they will naturally fall into the following(a) category.The three stages of learning send packing be divided into two principal(prenominal) categories associationists and cognitivists. Associationists views learning of a sport as the link of particular stimulant and particular responses. Cognitivists regulate it as a function of the brain, where we learn through the sense and knowledge of the sport.There are 3 stages of learning consort to Fitts and Posner. They arecognitivevAssociativevAutonomousCognitiveThis is the initial stage of learning and is essential if the assimilator is to process victorious through the former(a) stages and is to move a stage where the skill can be performed.The cognitive stage involves formation of a kind cipher of a skill. The most efficient means is from a demonstration, which allows them to see the chance on requirements and to work through the performance mentally. Visual guidance is one of the go around ways to make others understand, and so that the person learning can see the correct method to perform the skill. They will then attempt to perform. advantage rate is usually 2/3 out of 10. The cognitive stage initially concentrates more than on the skill, rather than the game. There is a neediness of control and consistency. Trial and error is also a key way to learn. Reinforcement of this can be by giving positive feedback.Questions will arise when learning skills of a sport if the skill is not correctly learnt. The learner will be confronted with some very specific, cognitively orient problems. Examples of this are, How do I score? What is the aim of this game? If so, where are the positions for actors? If the mental picture is not correct the skill will not develop. It is historic that the coach explains very thoroughly what is required of each athlete.Associative learn at the associative stage means that the skill is becoming more consistent, but there are still some errors. The simple fragment of the skill has been grasped however the agent still refers back to the mental picture. The performer can get under ones skin to detect errors and begin to realise his/her mistakes. Feedback should encourage a feeling of a well performed skill. This means that the performer will begin to enjoy the sport. Success rate is 5/7 out of 10. oral guidance is essential as it is employ in the associative stage. many people never exceed this phase. An example of this is a semi- paid shot-put thrower. Some performers exit to the cognitive stage to refer to the mental image of the skill. Also, some professional players return from main(a) stage to the associative stage if they have an wound they need to work hard and rise up to the expected modular of an autonomous performer.Autonomousattainment at the autonomous stage is where the skill is done without conscious thought. The movements of the performer are fluent, consistent and athletically pleasing. There is an innovational stage of learning where the elements of the skill have become part of pine term memory and are automatically produced in response to a an appropriate stimulus.The skill is automatic. The attention of the performer focuses on the next movement, for example tactics. Consistent practise is required to reinforce beingness at the autonomous stage.Success rate is 9/10 out of 10. In tennis for example a player would be able to perform a servicing whilst contemplating what their opponent will do next, rather than being counseling on the technical side of the serve.Not all performers reach the autonomous stage in all skills. For those who do, if practise is not maintained edict to the associative stage will occur. Closed skills such as throwing events can be finely tuned so that a blue level of performance can be produced.Learning in its simplest form is the development of a position where we cant perform a skill to a stage where we can perform it.Knapp, 1973 The quote means that learning is a more or less permanent change in performance brought about by experience. Knapp is suggesting that once something is learnt, it remains with us, thus supporting the lineOnce you learn to ride a bike, you never forget.Learning in sport involves the development of skills through practice, hence the saying set makes perfect.Fitts & Posner recognised that as we learn, we do not move promptly from cant to can. They suggest that the learning process is sequential we move through specific stages/phases as we learn.These stages are hierarchal, in other words each stage mustiness be passed through forward the next one is achieved.Ivan Pavlov was a scientist who conducted experiments on the response of dogs. He taught them that when a bell was rung, the dogs would learn to understand that it was time to eat. These findings link into Fitts and Posners phases of learning because a particular response with a stimulus can give a great benefit to sports pe rformances. This approach can be used to mentally prepare the athlete for the sport. The player may be taught transmutation into the zone whilst walking onto the pitch. However in govern to achieve this, the player would need to gradually progress to that level of conditioned stimulus.In mark to teach and improve somebodys skills at a sport, I would structure a 6 week Personal Exercise political platform (or PEP). A PEP would jock improve the skill of the performer, and help the learner to enhance their performance. This way the performer can test to see how prospicient it takes him to master one specific skill. As a trainer I would encourage the performer and give feedback and give a clear understanding to the performer what they are doing right and wrong. Doing something wrong doesnt mean its cast out feedback it would just acknowledge the performer on how to improve, becoming more successful. I would ensure that the performer practices the skill consistently and monitor any improvements in their ability.In a professional football tinge I would help keep the players to the standard that is required by making them do drills as a team. Warm-ups are essential as they prevent muscles getting damaged. I would also make sure that the stamina of the players is always high this can be achieved by the Cooper run.In a tennis match the athlete must be able to complete a wide-cut match. There are no substitutions so the athletes stamina must be high. By hitting a ball for a long closure of time every other turn there must be a large amount of upper body strength. In order to help the athlete achieve this, the coach should set the athlete physical training such as sprints, press-up, sit-ups and bicep curls. Technique is needed when serving, volleying as being able to retain balance quickly is essential. An example of this is Andre Agassi.he cerebrate more on physical conditioning than in the past and became one of the fittest players on the tour. His upper-body strength allowed him to bench press 350 lb (159 kg), which helped him retain maltreat on his shots late into a match, as well as adding to his serve power. He had remarkable endurance and rarely appeared tired on court. play is a sport where the athlete has to be very concentrated on the game. Having a perfect technique allows one to compete to a high level. In order to help raise concentration levels the coach must remove all apprehension and put the athlete in a confident frame of mind. To help an athlete raise concentration before a game the coach could give the athlete a structure diet. Junk food will slow down the concentration rate. tiger Woods had a bad putting strike so he went blank space and perfected it.Well, thats one of the worst putting weeks Ive had in a long time, very frustrating. When I get home I am going to practise until I get it right.References* right P.E for Edexcel Heinemann* http//nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html.* http// www.answers.com/topic/andre-agassi* http//www.asapsports.com/show_interview.php?id=410149