A quite different type of surgery required by some cultures is known variously as pistillate circumcision, female genital surgery, or female genital mutilation (FGM). The custom involves remotion of some or all of a womans external genitalia. The design has existed for thousands of years and approximately 85 to 114 million women in the universe progress to been circumcised. The practice is prevalent in Africa and the Middle East, scarcely has also been documented in Islamic Indonesia, South America, and Australia. It exists in more than forty countries, and the number is growing because of migration. European nations have had to come to grips with this custom, which was previously unknown within their national boundaries. time some countries have adopted new laws tar forceing the practice, others apply alive general laws. (Kathleen M. Sands, 2000).
Anthropologists have explained the ethnic justifications for the practice. Though religion (Islam) does non require the surgery, many cultural reasons are given for it.
Among the reasons most often cited are
(1) It guarantees the virginity of girls before marriage and chastity afterward;
(2) It is a rite of passage, and without it a girl depart be futile to marry; if unmarried, she will be ostracized;
(3) If the clitoris touches the babys forehead during the delivery, it will harm or kill the baby;
(4) The clitoris would differently grow to the size of a penis. The crucial point is that the cultural logic dictates that the surgery be performed. Without it the uncircumcised girl will be a social outcast. (Erich Eichman, 1992)
Feminists view womens support of the practice as a consequence of their having been victims of patriarchal systems and hence cite their side as an example of false consciousness. But although many get out that this custom is the ultimate form of female oppression, women...
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