Bibliography of Abraham Maslow

The Life of Abraham Maslow Psy 401 March 21, 2013 General Biography Abraham Maslow was born on April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Russia and he was the oldest of seven siblings. His father was a hardcore drinker of whiskey, loved women, and would often pick fights with other hatful. He did non like his father, yet over the years he intentional to deal with him in a peaceful manner. On the other hand, Abraham Maslow had spot hatred for his beget throughout his whole life.As he grew older, he did not have any understanding or love for her. It was so rugged that when she passed away he did not attend her funeral. He depict his mother as a heartless, uneducated, ignorant, and aggressive mortal. She did not show any sympathy towards her children and would some quantify drive them crazy. His anger towards his mother inspired his pursuit and charge in tender-heartedistic psychological science (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 584). He attended Boys H igh rail and continued his education at the metropolis College of New York. There, he effect his fathers wishes to pursue law tutor. by and by attending law teach and being dissatisfied with the direction of his education, he decided to transfer to Cornell University where he was taught introductory psychology by Edward Titchner. He was not inspired by Titchners approach to psychology and decided to transfer back to City College after one semester. He also had the desire to be adjoining his cousin Bertha Goodman, as they were very close. Maslow and Bertha attended the University of Wisconsin together. When he turned 20, he married Bertha, who was 19, despite the fact that she was his first cousin.In Maslows eyes, his life had potpourrially begun in Wisconsin (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 586). Maslow earned his bachelors degree in 1930, his operates in 1931, and his doctorate in 1934. He became the first doctorial student of Harry Harlow, who was a well known experimental psycholog ist. Maslow taught at Wisconsin before he moved to Columbia University. There, he became a enquiry assistant for Edward Thorndike. In 1951, Maslow took the endure as chairman of the psychology discussion section at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts.This was where he made his mark and became the leader in third military psychology. In 1968, Maslow accepted another attractive state by the Sega Administrative Corporation, located on Stanford University. The reason for accepting this offer was due to dissatisfaction towards his academic life and weakening health. This gave him the opportunity to think and frame freely as he pleased. The life of Abraham Maslow ended on June 8, 1970, which resulted from a heart attack at 62 years old (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 589). diachronic Context During the 1960s, the United States was going through tough times.They were fighting in the Vietnam War, which was unpopular among the American citizens (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 570). A few very im portant figures were assassinate during their peak hours, which caused some inst dexterity among the citizens. These figures included Martin Luther king was assassinated by James Ray (mlk-kpp01. stanford. edu) and John F. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Oswald (crdl. usg. edu). As a result, racial protests broke out among some major cities, which right away turned violent. Hippies were also growing in popularity as they openly rebelled against others.Evidently, this was not a time period where rational philosophy or empirical philosophy was appealing (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 571). The schools of structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, behavioristic psychology, and psychoanalysis existed during the 1920s and 1930s. However, by the 1950s, the school of structuralism had faded away, and the schools of functionalism and Gestalt psychology merged into other schools of psychology. Only behaviorism and psychoanalysis persisted as significant, complete schools of psychology during t he 1950s and 1960s.During the tough times mentioned earlier, many viewed the knowledge given by behaviorism and psychoanalysis as insufficient and/or inaccurate. A smart viewpoint of psychology was desired, where it hard-pressed on the benignant spirit, as well as the mind and the body. behaviourism and psychoanalysis had many issues in their explanation of valet. One of the issues with behaviorism was that it equated forgivings as being correspondent to that of robots, animals, or computers. It did not see anything erratic about humans.The major issue with psychoanalysis was that it focused on people with unusual emotional behavior and sought to develop methods to help abnormal people become normal (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 574). The previous schools of psychology, according to third force psychology, lacked teaching that would assist healthy humans become healthier, eventually achieving their honorable potential. A new model was needed that focused on the verificatory trai ts or else than the negative traits of humans. As a result, third-force psychologists made an effort to run this type of model.This effort began in the 1930s and 1940s when Abraham Maslow met with outstanding European psychologists (who escaped from the Nazis) in the U. S. These exceptional psychologists included Erick Fromm, Max Wertheimer, Karen Horney, and Alfred Adler. As a result, a new wave of movement, known as third-force psychology, was led by Abraham Maslow in the archaeozoic 1960s. This new wave of movement was known as third-force psychology. It occurred in the early 1960s and was led by Abraham Maslow (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 576). Important AchievementsAbraham Maslow was most accountable for making humanistic psychology an established branch of psychology. With overmuch effort put in by Maslow, he later founded the journal of humanistic Psychology in 1961. In addition, the American tie beam of Humanistic Psychologists was developed in 1961 and a division of American Psychological Association (APA), Humanistic Psychology, was established in 1971 (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 586). One of Maslows greatest contributions was the pecking order of demand. It gave us a better understanding of human motivation (www. bs. org). The power structure of postulate, as Maslow described, arranged the needs of humans in a hierarchy. The needs further down in the hierarchy were to a greater extent basic and akin to the needs of animals. The needs were arranged so that one has to fulfill the scorn needs first in order to move onto the higher needs that follow. For instance, when the most basic needs, which were the physiological needs ( much(prenominal) as thirst and hunger), were satisfied, a person may consequently(prenominal) move onto the safety needs (protection from risk of infection or pain).When the safety needs were fulfilled, a person may then continue onto the love needs (to give love and receive love). After the love/belonging needs were satisfied, a person may then continue onto fulfilling the esteem needs (to be recognized, respected, confident, etc. ) Once a person satisfied the needs up until the esteem needs, then a person may pursue to become self-actualized. Maslow described this as the humans ability to expire their full potential. Some examples he gave were musicians ability to make music, the artists ability to paint, and the poets ability to write.Maslow further described self-actualization as the individuals ability to reach their potential (it is subjective). In addition, he intellection that it was impossible for any human to reach their fullest potential, but were still fitted of achieving self-actualization if they fulfilled the hierarchical needs (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 587). To further enhance his theory, Maslow interviewed a tot of individuals he thought had reached self-actualization. These individuals were Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, Albert Schweitzer, William James, Jane Addams, and Abraham Lincoln.H e came to the conclusion of certain characteristics that self-actualized people obtained their perception of the worldly concern was accurate and complete they were very much satisfied with themselves and of others they underwent indigenous and purity they were private and independent of their surroundings they were grateful they experienced peak moments described as extraordinary visions, feelings of ecstasy, and powerfulness, yet weakness as well they were have-to doe with with the human race in general as opposed to only when their family, relatives, and friends and they had a sense of creativity (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 87). Historical Impact In the early 1960s, a new wave of movement, led by Abraham Maslow, was known as third-force psychology (referred to as humanistic psychology). As a result, a prototype shift had taken place. Abraham Maslow was most accountable for making humanistic psychology an established branch of psychology. This achievement had such a strong invite in psychology because the previous schools of psychology, according to third force psychology, lacked information that would assist healthy humans become healthier, eventually achieving their full potential.The new model of humanistic psychology focused on the positive traits rather than the negative traits of humans. (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 576). With much effort put in by Maslow, he later founded the Journal of Humanistic Psychology in 1961. In addition, the American Association of Humanistic Psychologists was developed in 1961 and a division of American Psychological Association (APA), Humanistic Psychology, was established in 1971 (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 586) One of Maslows greatest contributions was the hierarchy of needs. It gave us a better understanding of human motivation (www. dpsycinteractive. org). He described the human needs in the form of a hierarchy. As you go down the hierarchy, the needs became more basic, physiological, and similar to the characteristics of animals. A s you go higher in the hierarchy, the needs were focused more on growth. Eventually, after all the prior stages were satisfied, one may reach the last stage of self-actualization. He described self-actualization as the individuals ability to reach their potential. In addition, Maslow made important contributions to the area of human sexuality.Towards the end of Maslows life, he began to formulate new ideas in psychology known as transpersonal psychology. Maslows findings also influenced areas outside of psychology such as in business, marketing, medicine, education, etc. (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 589). Abraham Maslows work continues to be potent in contemporary psychology. References Abraham Maslow. (n. d. ). In Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) online. Retrieved from http//www. pbs. org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bhmasl. hypertext markup language Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (n. d. ). In Stanfords Encyclopedia online. Retrievedfrom http//mlk kpp01. stanford. du/index. php/c yclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_kings_assassination_4_apr il_1968/ Hergenhahn, B. R. (2005). Humanistic (Third-Force) Psychology. An Introduction to the Historyof Psychology (Edition 6th, pp. 570-590). California Wadsworth. Huitt, W. (2007). Maslows hierarchy of needs. educational Psychology Interactive. Retrieved from http//www. edpsycinteractive. org/topics/conation/maslow. html. Valdosta, GA Valdosta State University. John F. Kennedys assassination. (2013). In well-bred Rights Digital Library online. Retrieved from http//crdl. usg. edu/events/jfk_assassination/? Welcome